Abstract
Forage has a significant association with animal nutrition because it is an essential part of milk and meat production in the livestock industry. Thus, for the production of high-quality forage, cereal-legume mixed cropping is an efficient method for meat and milk production in the livestock sector. In a two-year experiment between 2020 and 2021, the forage yield, nutritional compositions, amino acid profile, and forage quality were evaluated in the mixed cropping of winter wheat and ryegrass with alfalfa. In this study, a split-plot design with a randomized block design was employed with three sampling replicates. Cultivars were harvested at three maturity stages, namely, flowering, milk, and soft dough, depending on the wheat growth stage. The experimental results show that wheat 2 (Baomai 9)-alfalfa and ryegrass-alfalfa mixed cropping produced higher fresh biomass output than mono-cropping of wheat and ryegrass harvested at the flowering stage. Furthermore, the dry matter (DM) percentage range increased from 20.18% to 36.39%. By contrast, crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were higher at the flowering stage than at other harvesting stages with DM values of 14.28%, 34.12%, 55.06%, and 32.55%, respectively. Ryegrass-alfalfa mixing yielded higher values of mineral compositions, and T5 (Baomai 9-alfalfa) generally achieved more extraordinary amino acid compositions. The results demonstrate that wheat and ryegrass with alfalfa mixed cropping, and harvesting at the flowering period produces high-quality forage. Additionally, mixed cropping with alfalfa remarkably affected forage quality parameters, while mixed cropping of wheat cultivar 2 (Baomai 9) and alfalfa obtained the highest dry matter intake, digestible dry matter, relative feed value, total digestible nutrient, relative forage quality, and quality index values of 2.56, 68.54, 136.49, 60.50, 127.41, and 1.69, respectively. Thus, the mixed-cropping of wheat and ryegrass with alfalfa forage is recommended for its maximized quality forage production and nutritional values in livestock feedstuff.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Baomai 9 wheat with alfalfa produced more fresh biomass than monocropped wheat at flowering.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Baomai 9e0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- wheat 2 (Baomai 9)-alfalfae0
- Outcome
- fresh biomass outpute0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- mono-cropping of wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat 2 (Baomai 9)-alfalfa and ryegrass-alfalfa mixed cropping produced higher fresh biomass output than mono-cropping of wheat and ryegrass harvested at the flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass with alfalfa produced more fresh biomass than monocropped ryegrass at flowering.
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- ryegrass-alfalfa mixed croppinge0
- Outcome
- fresh biomass outpute0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- mono-cropping of wheat and ryegrasse0
LoliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat 2 (Baomai 9)-alfalfa and ryegrass-alfalfa mixed cropping produced higher fresh biomass output than mono-cropping of wheat and ryegrass harvested at the flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter percentage increased from 20.18% to 36.39%.
- Taxon
- Alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Outcome
- dry matter (DM) percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.18% to 36.39%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter (DM) percentage range increased from 20.18% to 36.39%”
t0“Alfalfa-Based Mixed Cropping with Winter Wheat and Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein was higher at flowering than other harvest stages, at 14.28% DM.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Outcome
- crude proteine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.28%e0
- Comparator
- other harvesting stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were higher at the flowering stage than at other harvesting stages with DM values of 14.28%, 34.12%, 55.06%, and 32.55%, respectively”
t0“Alfalfa-Based Mixed Cropping with Winter Wheat and Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude fiber was higher at flowering, at 34.12% DM.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Outcome
- crude fibere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 34.12%e0
- Comparator
- other harvesting stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were higher at the flowering stage than at other harvesting stages with DM values of 14.28%, 34.12%, 55.06%, and 32.55%, respectively”
t0“Alfalfa-Based Mixed Cropping with Winter Wheat and Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Neutral detergent fiber was higher at flowering, at 55.06% DM.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fibere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 55.06%e0
- Comparator
- other harvesting stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were higher at the flowering stage than at other harvesting stages with DM values of 14.28%, 34.12%, 55.06%, and 32.55%, respectively”
t0“Alfalfa-Based Mixed Cropping with Winter Wheat and Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid detergent fiber was higher at flowering, at 32.55% DM.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Outcome
- acid detergent fibere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 32.55%e0
- Comparator
- other harvesting stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were higher at the flowering stage than at other harvesting stages with DM values of 14.28%, 34.12%, 55.06%, and 32.55%, respectively”
t0“Alfalfa-Based Mixed Cropping with Winter Wheat and Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Ryegrass and alfalfa mixing yielded higher mineral composition values.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ryegrass-alfalfa mixing yielded higher values of mineral compositions”
Claim · model-written summary
Baomai 9 with alfalfa had greater amino acid composition.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Material
- Baomai 9e0
- Outcome
- amino acid compositionse0
- Direction
- more extraordinarye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T5 (Baomai 9-alfalfa) generally achieved more extraordinary amino acid compositions”
Claim · model-written summary
Baomai 9 with alfalfa had the highest dry matter intake, 2.56.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Material
- Baomai 9e0
- Outcome
- dry matter intakee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.56e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixed cropping of wheat cultivar 2 (Baomai 9) and alfalfa obtained the highest dry matter intake, digestible dry matter, relative feed value, total digestible nutrient, relative forage quality, and quality index values of 2.56, 68.54, 136.49, 60.50, 127.41, and 1.69, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Baomai 9 with alfalfa had the highest digestible dry matter, 68.54.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Material
- Baomai 9e0
- Outcome
- digestible dry mattere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 68.54e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixed cropping of wheat cultivar 2 (Baomai 9) and alfalfa obtained the highest dry matter intake, digestible dry matter, relative feed value, total digestible nutrient, relative forage quality, and quality index values of 2.56, 68.54, 136.49, 60.50, 127.41, and 1.69, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Baomai 9 with alfalfa had the highest relative feed value, 136.49.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Material
- Baomai 9e0
- Outcome
- relative feed valuee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 136.49e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixed cropping of wheat cultivar 2 (Baomai 9) and alfalfa obtained the highest dry matter intake, digestible dry matter, relative feed value, total digestible nutrient, relative forage quality, and quality index values of 2.56, 68.54, 136.49, 60.50, 127.41, and 1.69, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Baomai 9 with alfalfa had the highest total digestible nutrient, 60.50.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Material
- Baomai 9e0
- Outcome
- total digestible nutriente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 60.50e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixed cropping of wheat cultivar 2 (Baomai 9) and alfalfa obtained the highest dry matter intake, digestible dry matter, relative feed value, total digestible nutrient, relative forage quality, and quality index values of 2.56, 68.54, 136.49, 60.50, 127.41, and 1.69, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Baomai 9 with alfalfa had the highest relative forage quality, 127.41.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Material
- Baomai 9e0
- Outcome
- relative forage qualitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 127.41e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixed cropping of wheat cultivar 2 (Baomai 9) and alfalfa obtained the highest dry matter intake, digestible dry matter, relative feed value, total digestible nutrient, relative forage quality, and quality index values of 2.56, 68.54, 136.49, 60.50, 127.41, and 1.69, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Baomai 9 with alfalfa had the highest quality index, 1.69.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixed cropping of wheat cultivar 2 (Baomai 9) and alfalfa obtained the highest dry matter intake, digestible dry matter, relative feed value, total digestible nutrient, relative forage quality, and quality index values of 2.56, 68.54, 136.49, 60.50, 127.41, and 1.69, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend wheat and ryegrass mixed with alfalfa for high quality forage.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- mixed-cropping of wheat and ryegrass with alfalfa foragee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixed-cropping of wheat and ryegrass with alfalfa forage is recommended for its maximized quality forage production and nutritional values in livestock feedstuff”
The same questions in other papers
Medicago sativa · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →intercropping · yield · LoliumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.