Abstract
Purpose: to study the main indicators of sewage sludge in the town Volzhsky and the possibility of its practical application on farmlands. Materials and methods. The object of research is sewage sludge from waste treatment plants of the town Volzhsky, Volgograd region. The chemical composition of sewage sludge was studied under laboratory conditions. Field experiments were laid in accordance with generally accepted methods. Results and discussions. Experimental studies have determined that high concentration of nitrogen (3.3 %), phosphorus (4.27 %), potassium (0.31 %) was noted in the sewage sludge, the organic matter content was 32.0 %. The water extract analysis data indicate a high concentration of calcium cations (33.25 mmol/100 g of soil) and magnesium (14.25 mmol/100 g of soil), as well as sulfate anions (5.80 mmol/100 g of soil). Heavy metals are present in the sludge, but their amount is much lower than the maximum permissible concentration. When testing sewage sludge in the field, it was found that, a decrease in soil bulk density to 1.10 t/m cub. is achieved in combination with chisel tillage. (dose of sewage sludge is 5 t/ha) and up to 1.07 t/m cub. (dose of sewage sludge is 10 t/ha). The data analysis on the safflower yield shows that the processed sewage sludge application increases the yield of safflower seeds in all years of research. The variant of combined action of sludge at a dose of 10 t/ha and chisel tillage turned out to be preferable, which made it possible to increase the safflower yield to 1.51 t/ha on average over the years of research. Conclusions: under the arid conditions of Volgograd region, it is advisable to use deep chisel tillage in combination with sewage sludge at a dose of 10 t/ha in order to increase the productivity of safflower and reduce the bulk density.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge with chisel tillage at 5 t/ha reduced soil bulk density to 1.10 t/m cub.
- Taxon
- SAFFLOWER
Carthamus tinctoriuse0e1t0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in soil bulk density to 1.10 t/m cub. is achieved in combination with chisel tillage. (dose of sewage sludge is 5 t/ha)”
e1“a decrease in soil bulk density to 1.10 t/m cub. is achieved in combination with chisel tillage. (dose of sewage sludge is 5 t/ha)”
t0“SAFFLOWER CULTIVATION”
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge with chisel tillage at 10 t/ha reduced soil bulk density to 1.07 t/m cub.
- Taxon
- SAFFLOWERCarthamus tinctoriuse0e1t0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in soil bulk density to 1.10 t/m cub. is achieved in combination with chisel tillage. (dose of sewage sludge is 5 t/ha) and up to 1.07 t/m cub. (dose of sewage sludge is 10 t/ha)”
e1“a decrease in soil bulk density to 1.10 t/m cub. is achieved in combination with chisel tillage. (dose of sewage sludge is 5 t/ha) and up to 1.07 t/m cub. (dose of sewage sludge is 10 t/ha)”
t0“SAFFLOWER CULTIVATION”
Claim · model-written summary
Processed sludge increased safflower seed yield in all study years.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0e1t0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“processed sewage sludge application increases the yield of safflower seeds in all years of research”
e1“processed sewage sludge application increases the yield of safflower seeds in all years of research”
t0“SAFFLOWER CULTIVATION”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 t/ha with chisel tillage, safflower yield reached 1.51 t/ha on average.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0e1t0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sludge at a dose of 10 t/ha and chisel tillage turned out to be preferable, which made it possible to increase the safflower yield to 1.51 t/ha on average over the years of research”
e1“sludge at a dose of 10 t/ha and chisel tillage turned out to be preferable, which made it possible to increase the safflower yield to 1.51 t/ha on average over the years of research”
t0“SAFFLOWER CULTIVATION”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend deep chisel tillage with 10 t/ha sludge in Volgograd for safflower productivity and lower soil bulk density.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0e1t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under the arid conditions of Volgograd region, it is advisable to use deep chisel tillage in combination with sewage sludge at a dose of 10 t/ha in order to increase the productivity of safflower and reduce the bulk density”
e1“under the arid conditions of Volgograd region, it is advisable to use deep chisel tillage in combination with sewage sludge at a dose of 10 t/ha in order to increase the productivity of safflower and reduce the bulk density”
t0“SAFFLOWER CULTIVATION”
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