Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sewage sludge and basic tillage techniques on the moisture reserve dynamics and productivity and quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seeds. The works were performed in 2016–2018 in Volgograd oblast; the Alexandrit variety of safflower was cultivated in a light chestnut solonetzic heavy loamy soil with a humus content of 1.7–1.8%. Sludge produced in the course of biological wastewater treatment features a high content of organic matter and nutrients. The two-factor field experiment involved the moldboard, disk, and chisel cultivation techniques in combination with sewage sludge application at doses of 0, 5, and 10 t/ha. The use of sewage sludge as an organic fertilizer at a dose of 5 t/ha in combination with chisel plowing increases the productive moisture reserves to 82.1 mm and to 88.5 mm at a dose of 10 t/ha. Chisel plowing ensures the highest yields of the studied crop: 142 t/ha at a sewage sludge dose of 5 and 1.51 t/ha at a sewage sludge dose of 10 t/ha. The highest fat content (25.2%) was registered in safflower seeds at a sludge dose of 10 t/ha. The zinc content in safflower seeds was 21.78 mg/kg at a sewage sludge dose of 5 t/ha and 25.08 mg/kg at a sewage sludge dose of 10 t/ha, the copper content was 11.32 and 12.12 mg/kg, and the cadmium content was 0.09 and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge at 5 t/ha with chisel plowing increased productive moisture reserves to 82.1 mm.
- Taxon
- Carthamus Tinctorius
Carthamus tinctoriust0 - Treatment
- sewage sludge as an organic fertilizer at a dose of 5 t/ha in combination with chisel plowinge0
- Outcome
- productive moisture reservese0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 82.1 mme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of sewage sludge as an organic fertilizer at a dose of 5 t/ha in combination with chisel plowing increases the productive moisture reserves to 82.1 mm”
t0“Carthamus Tinctorius”
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge at 10 t/ha with chisel plowing increased productive moisture reserves to 88.5 mm.
- Taxon
- Carthamus TinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- 10 t/hae0
- Outcome
- moisture reservet0
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 88.5 mme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and to 88.5 mm at a dose of 10 t/ha”
t0“Moisture Reserve Dynamics and Productivity and Quality of Carthamus Tinctorius Seeds”
e1“The use of sewage sludge as an organic fertilizer at a dose of 5 t/ha in combination with chisel plowing increases the productive moisture reserves to 82.1 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel plowing with 5 t/ha sludge produced the reported highest yield of 142 t/ha.
- Taxon
- Carthamus TinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Chisel plowinge0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 142 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chisel plowing ensures the highest yields of the studied crop: 142 t/ha at a sewage sludge dose of 5”
t0“Carthamus Tinctorius”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel plowing with 10 t/ha sludge produced a reported yield of 1.51 t/ha.
- Taxon
- Carthamus TinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- sewage sludge dose of 10 t/hae0
- Outcome
- Productivityt0
- Value
- 1.51 t/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and 1.51 t/ha at a sewage sludge dose of 10 t/ha”
t0“Productivity and Quality of Carthamus Tinctorius Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed fat content was highest, 25.2%, at 10 t/ha sludge.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- sludge dose of 10 t/hae0
- Outcome
- fat contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 25.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest fat content (25.2%) was registered in safflower seeds at a sludge dose of 10 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed zinc content was 21.78 mg/kg with 5 t/ha sludge.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- sewage sludge dose of 5 t/hae0
- Outcome
- zinc contente0
- Value
- 21.78 mg/kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The zinc content in safflower seeds was 21.78 mg/kg at a sewage sludge dose of 5 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed zinc content was 25.08 mg/kg with 10 t/ha sludge.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- sewage sludge dose of 10 t/hae0
- Outcome
- zinc contentt0
- Value
- 25.08 mg/kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and 25.08 mg/kg at a sewage sludge dose of 10 t/ha”
t0“The zinc content in safflower seeds was”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed copper content was 11.32 mg/kg with 5 t/ha sludge.
- Taxon
- Carthamus TinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Outcome
- copper contente0
- Value
- 11.32e0
- Qualifier
- 5 t/hae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the copper content was 11.32 and 12.12 mg/kg”
t0“Carthamus Tinctorius Seeds”
e1“The use of sewage sludge as an organic fertilizer at a dose of 5 t/ha in combination with chisel plowing increases the productive moisture reserves to 82.1 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed copper content was 12.12 mg/kg with 10 t/ha sludge.
- Taxon
- Carthamus TinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Outcome
- copper contente0
- Value
- 12.12 mg/kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the copper content was 11.32 and 12.12 mg/kg”
t0“Carthamus Tinctorius Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed cadmium content was 0.09 mg/kg with 5 t/ha sludge.
- Taxon
- Carthamus TinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Outcome
- cadmium contente0
- Value
- 0.09e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cadmium content was 0.09 and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively”
t0“Carthamus Tinctorius Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed cadmium content was 0.1 mg/kg with 10 t/ha sludge.
- Taxon
- Carthamus TinctoriusCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Outcome
- cadmium contente0
- Value
- 0.1 mg/kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cadmium content was 0.09 and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively”
t0“Carthamus Tinctorius Seeds”
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- no effect
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organic · soil: physics · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
fertilization · soil: physics · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
organic · yield · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.