Abstract
The olive tree Olea europaea L. is attacked by numerous pests that affect yield quality and quantity. Oleander scales, Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is considered one of the most important pests in plantation and reclamation areas in Egypt. Herein, under olive field conditions, two seasons of study (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) were undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of some nano-insecticide formulations of three neonicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid, dinotefuran and thiamethoxam) in comparison with their conventional formulations against A. nerii. The foliar application of nanoformulations at the recommended rate (1X) of acetamiprid induced the highest average reduction percentage of A. nerii (100%) and more efficacy than dinotefuran (83.28%) and thiamethoxam (82.73%). Whereas thiamethoxam as (½ X) caused a highest average reduction percentage (100%) compared with acetamiprid (64.61%) and dinotefuran (82.50%). Plus, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam as (¼X) caused the highest average reduction percentage (80.07 and 85.72%) compared with dinotefuran (73.07%). Results indicated that all of nano formulations at (1X, ½X and ¼X) recommended rate were caused a high average reduction percentage compared with the conventional formulation (1X) which was (87.66, 81.11 and 60.88%) respectively. Furthermore, the efficacy and remaining effects of these nano formulations continued up to 21 days after treatment against A. nerii. The results of this study may strongly suggest the use of nano-neonicotinoid insecticide formulations in the application of the olive scale IPM pest program, but caution should be exercised with regard to the possible side effects of such formulations on other aspects of the environment.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Acetamiprid nanoformulation at 1X reduced scale by 100%.
- Taxon
- Olive
Olea europaeat0 - Treatment
- acetamipride0
- Interactor
- A. nerii
Aspidiotus neriie0pest - Outcome
- reduction percentage of A. neriie0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- conventional formulationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nanoformulations at the recommended rate (1X) of acetamiprid induced the highest average reduction percentage of A. nerii (100%)”
e1“in comparison with their conventional formulations”
t0“Olive Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Dinotefuran nanoformulation at 1X reduced scale by 83.28%.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- dinotefurane0
- Interactor
- A. neriiAspidiotus neriie1pest
- Outcome
- average reduction percentage of A. neriie1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 83.28%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dinotefuran (83.28%)”
e1“average reduction percentage of A. nerii”
t0“Olive Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam nanoformulation at 1X reduced scale by 82.73%.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxame0
- Interactor
- A. neriiAspidiotus neriie1pest
- Outcome
- average reduction percentage of A. neriie1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 82.73%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thiamethoxam (82.73%)”
e1“average reduction percentage of A. nerii”
t0“Olive Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam nanoformulation at half rate reduced scale by 100%.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxam as (½ X)e0
- Interactor
- A. neriiAspidiotus neriie1pest
- Outcome
- average reduction percentagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thiamethoxam as (½ X) caused a highest average reduction percentage (100%)”
e1“against A. nerii. The foliar application”
t0“Olive Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetamiprid nanoformulation at half rate reduced scale by 64.61%.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- acetamipride0
- Interactor
- A. neriiAspidiotus neriie2pest
- Outcome
- average reduction percentagee1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 64.61%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acetamiprid (64.61%)”
e1“highest average reduction percentage (100%) compared with acetamiprid”
e2“against A. nerii. The foliar application”
t0“Olive Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Dinotefuran nanoformulation at half rate reduced scale by 82.50%.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- dinotefurane0
- Interactor
- A. neriiAspidiotus neriie2pest
- Outcome
- average reduction percentagee1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 82.50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dinotefuran (82.50%)”
e1“highest average reduction percentage (100%) compared with acetamiprid”
e2“against A. nerii. The foliar application”
t0“Olive Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetamiprid nanoformulation at quarter rate reduced scale by 80.07%.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- acetamipride0
- Interactor
- A. neriiAspidiotus neriie1pest
- Outcome
- average reduction percentagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 80.07e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acetamiprid and thiamethoxam as (¼X) caused the highest average reduction percentage (80.07 and 85.72%)”
e1“against A. nerii. The foliar application”
t0“Olive Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam nanoformulation at quarter rate reduced scale by 85.72%.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxame0
- Interactor
- A. neriiAspidiotus neriie1pest
- Outcome
- average reduction percentagee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 85.72%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acetamiprid and thiamethoxam as (¼X) caused the highest average reduction percentage (80.07 and 85.72%)”
e1“against A. nerii. The foliar application”
t0“Olive Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Dinotefuran nanoformulation at quarter rate reduced scale by 73.07%.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- dinotefurane0
- Interactor
- A. neriiAspidiotus neriie2pest
- Outcome
- average reduction percentagee1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 73.07%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dinotefuran (73.07%)”
e1“acetamiprid and thiamethoxam as (¼X) caused the highest average reduction percentage”
e2“against A. nerii. The foliar application”
t0“Olive Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoformulations at 1X had 87.66% average reduction compared with conventional formulation.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- nano formulations at (1X, ½X and ¼X) recommended ratee0
- Outcome
- average reduction percentagee0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 87.66e0
- Comparator
- conventional formulation (1X)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all of nano formulations at (1X, ½X and ¼X) recommended rate were caused a high average reduction percentage compared with the conventional formulation (1X) which was (87.66, 81.11 and 60.88%) respectively”
t0“Olive Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoformulations at half rate had 81.11% average reduction compared with conventional formulation.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- nano formulations at (1X, ½X and ¼X) recommended ratee0
- Outcome
- average reduction percentagee0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 81.11e0
- Comparator
- conventional formulation (1X)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all of nano formulations at (1X, ½X and ¼X) recommended rate were caused a high average reduction percentage compared with the conventional formulation (1X) which was (87.66, 81.11 and 60.88%) respectively”
t0“Olive Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoformulations at quarter rate had 60.88% average reduction compared with conventional formulation.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- nano formulations at (1X, ½X and ¼X) recommended ratee0
- Outcome
- average reduction percentagee0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 60.88%e0
- Comparator
- conventional formulation (1X)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all of nano formulations at (1X, ½X and ¼X) recommended rate were caused a high average reduction percentage compared with the conventional formulation (1X) which was (87.66, 81.11 and 60.88%) respectively”
t0“Olive Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoformulations remained effective against A. nerii for 21 days.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Interactor
- A. neriiAspidiotus neriie0pest
- Outcome
- efficacy and remaining effectse0
- Value
- 21 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the efficacy and remaining effects of these nano formulations continued up to 21 days after treatment against A. nerii”
t0“Olive Varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest nano-neonicotinoid formulations for olive scale IPM, with caution about environmental effects.
- Taxon
- OliveOlea europaeat0
- Outcome
- use of nano-neonicotinoid insecticide formulations in the application of the olive scale IPM pest programe0
- Qualifier
- caution should be exercised with regard to the possible side effects of such formulations on other aspects of the environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“use of nano-neonicotinoid insecticide formulations in the application of the olive scale IPM pest program, but caution should be exercised with regard to the possible side effects of such formulations on other aspects of the environment”
t0“Olive Varieties”