Abstract
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is a single-stranded (ss), positive-sense (+) RNA potexvirus that affects tomato crops worldwide. We have described an in planta antagonistic interaction between PepMV isolates of two strains in which the EU isolate represses the accumulation of the CH2 isolate during mixed infections. Reports describing transcriptomic responses to mixed infections are scant. We carried out transcriptomic analyses of tomato plants singly and mixed-infected with two PepMV isolates of both strains. Comparison of the transcriptomes of singly infected plants showed that deeper transcriptomic alterations occurred at early infection times, and also that each of the viral strains modulated the host transcriptome differentially. Mixed infections caused transcriptomic alterations similar to those for the sum of single infections at early infection times, but clearly differing at later times postinfection. We next tested the hypothesis that PepMV-EU, in either single or mixed infections, deregulates host gene expression differentially so that virus accumulation of both strains gets repressed. That seemed to be the case for the genes AGO1a, DCL2d, AGO2a, and DCL2b, which are involved in the antiviral silencing pathway and were upregulated by PepMV-EU but not by PepMV-CH2 at early times postinfection. The pattern of AGO2a expression was validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Using an N. benthamiana ago2 mutant line, we showed that AGO2 indeed plays an important role in the antiviral defence against PepMV, but it is not the primary determinant of the outcome of the antagonistic interaction between the two PepMV strains.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
An EU PepMV isolate repressed CH2 isolate accumulation during mixed infection.
- Taxon
- tomato crops
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Interactor
- CH2 isolatee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- EU isolatee0pathogen
- Outcome
- accumulation of the CH2 isolatee0
- Direction
- repressese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the EU isolate represses the accumulation of the CH2 isolate during mixed infections”
e1“tomato crops worldwide”
Claim · model-written summary
Single infections caused deeper transcriptomic alterations at early infection times.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- Pepino mosaic virusPepino mosaic virust0pathogene0
- Outcome
- transcriptomic alterationse0
- Direction
- deepere0
- Qualifier
- early infection timese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deeper transcriptomic alterations occurred at early infection times”
t0“pepino mosaic virus”
e1“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The two viral strains modulated the tomato host transcriptome differently.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- Pepino mosaic virusPepino mosaic virust0pathogene0
- Outcome
- host transcriptomee0
- Direction
- differentiallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“each of the viral strains modulated the host transcriptome differentially”
t0“pepino mosaic virus”
e1“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Early mixed infections yielded transcriptomic alterations similar to the sum of single infections.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- Pepino mosaic virusPepino mosaic virust0pathogene0
- Outcome
- transcriptomic alterationse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- early infection timese0
- Comparator
- the sum of single infectionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixed infections caused transcriptomic alterations similar to those for the sum of single infections at early infection times”
t0“pepino mosaic virus”
e1“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Later mixed infections yielded transcriptomic alterations differing from the sum of single infections.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Interactor
- Pepino mosaic virusPepino mosaic virust0pathogene0
- Outcome
- clearly differinge0
- Direction
- differinge0
- Qualifier
- later times postinfectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but clearly differing at later times postinfection”
t0“pepino mosaic virus”
e1“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PepMV-EU upregulated AGO1a, DCL2d, AGO2a and DCL2b early after infection, unlike PepMV-CH2.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- PepMV-EUe0
- Interactor
- PepMV-EUe0pathogen
- Gene
- AGO1a, DCL2d, AGO2a, and DCL2be0
- Outcome
- genes AGO1a, DCL2d, AGO2a, and DCL2be0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Qualifier
- early times postinfectione0
- Comparator
- PepMV-CH2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genes AGO1a, DCL2d, AGO2a, and DCL2b, which are involved in the antiviral silencing pathway and were upregulated by PepMV-EU but not by PepMV-CH2 at early times postinfection”
t0“pepino mosaic virus”
e1“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AGO2a expression pattern was validated by RT-qPCR in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Gene
- AGO2ae0
- Outcome
- pattern of AGO2a expressione0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pattern of AGO2a expression was validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AGO2a expression pattern was validated by RT-qPCR in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Gene
- AGO2ae0
- Outcome
- pattern of AGO2a expressione0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pattern of AGO2a expression was validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AGO2 plays an important role in Nicotiana benthamiana antiviral defense against PepMV.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Material
- N. benthamiana ago2 mutant linee0
- Interactor
- PepMVPepino mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- AGO2e0
- Outcome
- antiviral defence against PepMVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using an N. benthamiana ago2 mutant line, we showed that AGO2 indeed plays an important role in the antiviral defence against PepMV”
Claim · model-written summary
AGO2 is not the primary determinant of the antagonistic interaction between the PepMV strains.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Interactor
- PepMVPepino mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- ago2e1
- Outcome
- outcome of the antagonistic interaction between the two PepMV strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but it is not the primary determinant of the outcome of the antagonistic interaction between the two PepMV strains”
e1“N. benthamiana ago2 mutant line”