Abstract
Field experiment was conducted at wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during summer season, 2022 with an objective of maximizing the productivity and profitability of greengram by adopting varied dose of basal nitrogen and foliar application of nano and normal urea at Flower Initiation (FI) stage and 15 days thereafter. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice with the following treatments viz., N1 - 100% RDN (25kg N ha-1), N2 - 80% RDN (20kg N ha-1), N3 - 60% RDN (15kg N ha-1) and N4 - Control as factor I, and F1 - Nano urea @ 2ml litre-1 of water, F2 - Nano urea @ 3ml litre-1 of water, F3 - Nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 of water and F4 - 1% urea as factor II. The experiment results revealed that, 100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water significantly registered higher fertility co-efficient (71.2%), pods plant-1 (38.5 Nos.), seeds pod-1 (12.7 Nos.) and maximum grain yield (1291 kg ha-1). Nevertheless, it was on par with the application of 80% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water, which recorded fertility co-efficient of 70.6%, 38.0 pods plant-1, 12.6 seeds pod-1 and grain yield of 1289 kg ha-1. In economics perspective also, application of 100% RDN and foliar supplement of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 accounted maximum gross return (₹100114 ha-1), net return (₹53549 ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (2.15), which was comparable with application of 80% RDN and foliar application of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 of water at FI stage and 15 days thereafter. Based on the experimental results, it is concluded that reduced application of basal nitrogen i.e., 80% RDN with nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water at FI stage and 15 days thereafter found to be the optimal nitrogen dose and nano urea foliar nutrition for maximizing the productivity and profitability of summer irrigated greengram.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano urea at 4 ml/L with 100% RDN significantly raised fertility co-efficient to 71.2% in greengram.
- Taxon
- Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- 100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of watere1
- Outcome
- fertility co-efficiente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 71.2%e1
- Setting
- wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatoree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“Field experiment was conducted at wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during summer season, 2022”
e1“100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water significantly registered higher fertility co-efficient (71.2%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano urea at 4 ml/L with 100% RDN significantly raised pods per plant to 38.5 in greengram.
- Taxon
- Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of watere1
- Outcome
- pods plant-1e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 38.5 Nos.e1
- Setting
- wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatoree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“Field experiment was conducted at wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during summer season, 2022”
e1“100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water significantly registered higher fertility co-efficient (71.2%), pods plant-1 (38.5 Nos.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano urea at 4 ml/L with 100% RDN significantly raised seeds per pod to 12.7 in greengram.
- Taxon
- Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of watere1
- Outcome
- seeds pod-1e1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 12.7 Nos.e1
- Setting
- wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatoree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“Field experiment was conducted at wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during summer season, 2022”
e1“100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water significantly registered higher fertility co-efficient (71.2%), pods plant-1 (38.5 Nos.), seeds pod-1 (12.7 Nos.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano urea at 4 ml/L with 100% RDN gave the maximum grain yield of 1291 kg/ha in greengram.
- Taxon
- Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of watere1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 1291 kg ha-1e1
- Setting
- wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatoree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“Field experiment was conducted at wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during summer season, 2022”
e1“100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water significantly registered higher fertility co-efficient (71.2%), pods plant-1 (38.5 Nos.), seeds pod-1 (12.7 Nos.) and maximum grain yield (1291 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano urea at 4 ml/L with 80% RDN gave fertility co-efficient of 70.6%, on par with 100% RDN plus nano urea.
- Taxon
- Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 80% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of watere2
- Outcome
- fertility co-efficiente2
- Direction
- on pare2
- Value
- 70.6%e2
- Comparator
- 100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of watere1
- Setting
- wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatoree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“Field experiment was conducted at wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during summer season, 2022”
e1“100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water significantly registered higher fertility co-efficient (71.2%)”
e2“Nevertheless, it was on par with the application of 80% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water, which recorded fertility co-efficient of 70.6%, 38.0 pods plant-1, 12.6 seeds pod-1 and grain yield of 1289 kg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano urea at 4 ml/L with 80% RDN gave 38.0 pods per plant, on par with 100% RDN plus nano urea.
- Taxon
- Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 80% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of watere2
- Outcome
- pods plant-1e2
- Direction
- on pare2
- Value
- 38.0 pods plant-1e2
- Comparator
- 100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of watere1
- Setting
- wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatoree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“Field experiment was conducted at wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during summer season, 2022”
e1“100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water significantly registered higher fertility co-efficient (71.2%)”
e2“Nevertheless, it was on par with the application of 80% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water, which recorded fertility co-efficient of 70.6%, 38.0 pods plant-1, 12.6 seeds pod-1 and grain yield of 1289 kg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano urea at 4 ml/L with 80% RDN gave 12.6 seeds per pod, on par with 100% RDN plus nano urea.
- Taxon
- Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 80% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of watere2
- Outcome
- seeds pod-1e2
- Direction
- on pare2
- Value
- 12.6 seeds pod-1e2
- Comparator
- 100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of watere1
- Setting
- wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatoree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“Field experiment was conducted at wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during summer season, 2022”
e1“100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water significantly registered higher fertility co-efficient (71.2%)”
e2“Nevertheless, it was on par with the application of 80% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water, which recorded fertility co-efficient of 70.6%, 38.0 pods plant-1, 12.6 seeds pod-1 and grain yield of 1289 kg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nano urea at 4 ml/L with 80% RDN gave grain yield of 1289 kg/ha, on par with 100% RDN plus nano urea.
- Taxon
- Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 80% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of watere2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- on pare2
- Value
- 1289 kg ha-1e2
- Comparator
- 100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of watere1
- Setting
- wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatoree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)”
e0“Field experiment was conducted at wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during summer season, 2022”
e1“100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water significantly registered higher fertility co-efficient (71.2%)”
e2“Nevertheless, it was on par with the application of 80% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water, which recorded fertility co-efficient of 70.6%, 38.0 pods plant-1, 12.6 seeds pod-1 and grain yield of 1289 kg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar supplement of nano urea at 4 ml/L with 100% RDN gave the maximum gross return of Rs 100114/ha.
- Taxon
- Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDN and foliar supplement of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1e3
- Outcome
- gross returne3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- ₹100114 ha-1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)”
e3“application of 100% RDN and foliar supplement of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 accounted maximum gross return (₹100114 ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar supplement of nano urea at 4 ml/L with 100% RDN gave the maximum net return of Rs 53549/ha.
- Taxon
- Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDN and foliar supplement of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1e4
- Outcome
- net returne4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- ₹53549 ha-1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)”
e4“application of 100% RDN and foliar supplement of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 accounted maximum gross return (₹100114 ha-1), net return (₹53549 ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar supplement of nano urea at 4 ml/L with 100% RDN gave the maximum benefit-cost ratio of 2.15.
- Taxon
- Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDN and foliar supplement of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1e5
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe5
- Direction
- maximume5
- Value
- 2.15e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)”
e5“application of 100% RDN and foliar supplement of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 accounted maximum gross return (₹100114 ha-1), net return (₹53549 ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (2.15)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross return with 100% RDN plus nano urea foliar supplement was comparable to 80% RDN with nano urea foliar application.
- Taxon
- Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 100% RDN and foliar supplement of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1e6
- Outcome
- gross returne6
- Direction
- comparablee6
- Comparator
- 80% RDN and foliar application of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 of watere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)”
e6“application of 100% RDN and foliar supplement of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 accounted maximum gross return (₹100114 ha-1), net return (₹53549 ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (2.15), which was comparable with application of 80% RDN and foliar application of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 of water”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 80% RDN with nano urea foliar spray at 4 ml/L as the optimal nitrogen dose for greengram productivity and profitability.
- Taxon
- Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)Vigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- reduced application of basal nitrogen i.e., 80% RDN with nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of watere7
- Outcome
- productivity and profitabilitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)”
e7“reduced application of basal nitrogen i.e., 80% RDN with nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water at FI stage and 15 days thereafter found to be the optimal nitrogen dose and nano urea foliar nutrition for maximizing the productivity and profitability of summer irrigated greengram”
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