Abstract
The time delay in receiving conventional tissue nutrient analysis results caused red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) growers to be interested in rapid sap tests to provide real-time results to guide immediate nutrient management practices. However, sap analysis has never been conducted in raspberry. The present work aimed to evaluate the relationship of petiole sap nitrate (NO 3 – ), potassium (K + ), and calcium (Ca 2+ ) concentrations measured using compact ion meters and leaf tissue total nitrogen (TN), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) concentrations measured using conventional tissue nutrient analysis. The relationship of petiole sap NO 3 – and leaf tissue TN concentrations with plant growth and production variables was also explored. Fertilizer treatments of urea were surface applied to raised beds of established “Meeker” floricane red raspberry plots at control, low, medium, and high rates (0, 34, 67, and 101 kg N ha –1 , respectively) in 2019 and 2020. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Whole leaves were collected from representative primocanes in mid- and late- July and August 2019 and 2020 (i.e., four sampling time points per year). At each sampling time point, a subsample of leaves was used for petiole sap analyses of NO 3 – , K + , and Ca 2+ concentrations using compact ion meters, and conventional tissue testing of leaf tissue TN, K, and Ca concentrations, respectively. There were no interactions between N fertilizer rate and year nor between N fertilizer rate and sampling time. No significant differences were found due to N fertilizer rate for petiole sap NO 3 – , K + , Ca 2+ nor leaf tissue TN, K, Ca concentrations. However, significant year and sampling time effects occurred in measured petiole sap and leaf tissue nutrient concentrations. Overall, the correlations between petiole sap NO 3 – and leaf tissue TN, petiole sap Ca 2+ and leaf tissue Ca, petiole sap K + and leaf tissue K concentrations were non-strong and inconsistent. Future research is warranted as the interpretation of correlations between raspberry petiole sap and leaf tissue nutrient concentrations were inconclusive.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Petiole sap NO3, K+ and Ca2+ concentrations did not differ significantly with urea N rate in raspberry.
- Taxon
- red raspberry
_Rubus_idaeus_-_Feuillage.jpg?width=60)
Rubus idaeuse0 - Treatment
- N fertilizer ratee2
- Outcome
- petiole sap NO 3 – , K + , Ca 2+e2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Rubus_idaeus_-_Feuillage.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.)”
e1“at control, low, medium, and high rates (0, 34, 67, and 101 kg N ha –1 , respectively)”
e2“No significant differences were found due to N fertilizer rate for petiole sap NO 3 – , K + , Ca 2+ nor leaf tissue TN, K, Ca concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf tissue TN, K and Ca concentrations did not differ significantly with urea N rate in raspberry.
- Taxon
- red raspberryRubus idaeuse0
- Treatment
- N fertilizer ratee2
- Outcome
- leaf tissue TN, K, Cae2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.)”
e1“at control, low, medium, and high rates (0, 34, 67, and 101 kg N ha –1 , respectively)”
e2“No significant differences were found due to N fertilizer rate for petiole sap NO 3 – , K + , Ca 2+ nor leaf tissue TN, K, Ca concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Year and sampling time had significant effects on petiole sap and leaf tissue nutrient concentrations in raspberry.
- Taxon
- red raspberryRubus idaeuse0
- Treatment
- year and sampling timee3
- Outcome
- petiole sap and leaf tissue nutrient concentrationse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.)”
e3“However, significant year and sampling time effects occurred in measured petiole sap and leaf tissue nutrient concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Correlations between petiole sap NO3, K+ and Ca2+ and the matching leaf tissue TN, K and Ca were non-strong and inconsistent.
- Taxon
- red raspberryRubus idaeuse0
- Organ / stage
- petiole sape4
- Outcome
- correlationse4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.)”
e4“Overall, the correlations between petiole sap NO 3 – and leaf tissue TN, petiole sap Ca 2+ and leaf tissue Ca, petiole sap K + and leaf tissue K concentrations were non-strong and inconsistent.”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · nutrient: content · Rubus idaeus (red raspberry)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.