Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant growth regulator that can enhance the abiotic stress tolerance of plants; however, the physiological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The objective of this study was to examine whether exogenous SA could enhance the salt tolerance of perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne L.; PRG) and investigate the physiological underlying mechanisms. SA was applied to the foliage of PRG at five concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM). The SA-treated grass was grown under either control (0 mM NaCl) or salt stress (250 mM NaCl) conditions for 24 d. The SA treatments reduced the leaf electrolyte leakage (EL), malonaldehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content by 36%, 41%, and 40%, respectively, relative to the control under salt stress as measured at 24 d. The SA treatments also alleviated the decline in the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), nitrate activity (NR), turfgrass quality (TQ) ratings, and chlorophyll (Chl) content under salt stress. In addition, exogenous SA increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD) as well as the expression levels of the Cyt Cu/ZnSOD, FeSOD, APX, CAT, and POD genes under salt stress. The results of this study suggested that the foliar application of SA at 0.25 and 0.5 mM may enhance photosynthesis and antioxidant defense systems and thus improve tolerance to salt stress in perennial ryegrass.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
SA lowered leaf electrolyte leakage by 36% under salt stress.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee1 - Treatment
- SA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf electrolyte leakage (EL)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SA treatments reduced the leaf electrolyte leakage (EL), malonaldehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content by 36%, 41%, and 40%, respectively, relative to the control under salt stress as measured at 24 d”
e1“perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne L.; PRG)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA lowered leaf malonaldehyde content by 41% under salt stress.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- SA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- malonaldehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 41%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SA treatments reduced the leaf electrolyte leakage (EL), malonaldehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content by 36%, 41%, and 40%, respectively, relative to the control under salt stress as measured at 24 d”
e1“perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne L.; PRG)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA lowered leaf hydrogen peroxide content by 40% under salt stress.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- SA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SA treatments reduced the leaf electrolyte leakage (EL), malonaldehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content by 36%, 41%, and 40%, respectively, relative to the control under salt stress as measured at 24 d”
e1“perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne L.; PRG)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA alleviated salt-induced declines in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and nitrate activity.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- SA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), nitrate activity (NR)e0
- Direction
- alleviated the declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SA treatments also alleviated the decline in the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), nitrate activity (NR), turfgrass quality (TQ) ratings, and chlorophyll (Chl) content under salt stress”
e1“perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne L.; PRG)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA alleviated salt-induced declines in turfgrass quality and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- SA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- turfgrass quality (TQ) ratings, and chlorophyll (Chl) contente0
- Direction
- alleviated the declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SA treatments also alleviated the decline in the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), nitrate activity (NR), turfgrass quality (TQ) ratings, and chlorophyll (Chl) content under salt stress”
e1“perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne L.; PRG)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA increased superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase activities.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe0
- Outcome
- activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous SA increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD)”
e1“perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne L.; PRG)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA increased Cyt Cu/ZnSOD, FeSOD and APX expression under salt stress.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe2
- Outcome
- expression levels of the Cyt Cu/ZnSOD, FeSOD, APXe0
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression levels of the Cyt Cu/ZnSOD, FeSOD, APX, CAT, and POD genes under salt stress”
e1“perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne L.; PRG)”
e2“exogenous SA increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA increased CAT and POD expression under salt stress.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe2
- Outcome
- CAT, and POD genese0
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression levels of the Cyt Cu/ZnSOD, FeSOD, APX, CAT, and POD genes under salt stress”
e1“perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne L.; PRG)”
e2“exogenous SA increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar SA at 0.25 or 0.5 mM may enhance photosynthesis and antioxidant defenses and improve salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0
- Outcome
- foliar application of SA at 0.25 and 0.5 mMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the foliar application of SA at 0.25 and 0.5 mM may enhance photosynthesis and antioxidant defense systems and thus improve tolerance to salt stress in perennial ryegrass”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · physiology: oxidative · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
salicylic acid · quality: general · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salicylic acid · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.