Abstract
Abstract The performances of 3 herbicides non-incorporated and incorporated to depths of 3.8 and 7.6 cm in sandy loam were studied in onion plantings in 3 field experiments. Herbicidal activity of 4.5 kg/ha of O , O diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with N -(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide (bensulide) was outstanding and controlled redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmen S. Wats.), common purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.), and barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.] without reducing yields in onions ( Allium cepa L., ‘Yellow Granex’). The herbicide was more efficient when soil-incorporated. Bensulide failed to control ridgeseed spurge ( Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm.) and London rocket ( Sisymbrium irio L.). 2-Chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide (propachlor) controlled ridgeseed spurge without reducing the yield of onions. Soil-incorporated dimethyl tetra-chloroterephythalate (DCPA) reduced the yield of onions. Laboratory bioassays indicated that regardless of rainfall, bensulide remained within the original zones of incorporation. Persistence of the herbicide increased with soil incorporation and rate of application. Considerable activity persisted for 6 months but only a trace persisted 12 months after 4.5 and 9.0 kg/ha of bensulide were soil incorporated. DCPA and propachlor persisted less than 6 months. Field bioassays agreed with data from laboratory bioassays.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulide controlled redroot pigweed in onions.
- Taxon
- onions ( Allium cepa L., ‘Yellow Granex’)
Allium cepae0 - Treatment
- 4.5 kg/ha of O , O diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with N -(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide (bensulide)e0
- Interactor
- redroot pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- redroot pigweede0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicidal activity of 4.5 kg/ha of O , O diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with N -(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide (bensulide) was outstanding and controlled redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmen S. Wats.), common purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.), and barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.] without reducing yields in onions ( Allium cepa L., ‘Yellow Granex’).”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulide controlled Palmer amaranth in onions.
- Taxon
- onions ( Allium cepa L., ‘Yellow Granex’)Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- 4.5 kg/ha of O , O diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with N -(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide (bensulide)e0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranthe0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicidal activity of 4.5 kg/ha of O , O diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with N -(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide (bensulide) was outstanding and controlled redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmen S. Wats.), common purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.), and barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.] without reducing yields in onions ( Allium cepa L., ‘Yellow Granex’).”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulide controlled common purslane in onions.
- Taxon
- onions ( Allium cepa L., ‘Yellow Granex’)Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- 4.5 kg/ha of O , O diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with N -(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide (bensulide)e0
- Interactor
- common purslanee0weed
- Outcome
- common purslanee0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicidal activity of 4.5 kg/ha of O , O diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with N -(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide (bensulide) was outstanding and controlled redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmen S. Wats.), common purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.), and barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.] without reducing yields in onions ( Allium cepa L., ‘Yellow Granex’).”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulide controlled barnyardgrass in onions.
- Taxon
- onions ( Allium cepa L., ‘Yellow Granex’)Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- 4.5 kg/ha of O , O diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with N -(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide (bensulide)e0
- Interactor
- barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Outcome
- barnyardgrasse0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicidal activity of 4.5 kg/ha of O , O diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with N -(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide (bensulide) was outstanding and controlled redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmen S. Wats.), common purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.), and barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.] without reducing yields in onions ( Allium cepa L., ‘Yellow Granex’).”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulide did not reduce onion yield.
- Taxon
- onions ( Allium cepa L., ‘Yellow Granex’)Allium cepae0
- Treatment
- bensulidee0
- Outcome
- yields in onionse0
- Direction
- without reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicidal activity of 4.5 kg/ha of O , O diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with N -(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide (bensulide) was outstanding and controlled redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmen S. Wats.), common purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.), and barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.] without reducing yields in onions ( Allium cepa L., ‘Yellow Granex’).”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulide was more efficient when soil incorporated.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The herbicide was more efficient when soil-incorporated.”
t0“Onion Plantings”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulide failed to control ridgeseed spurge.
- Taxon
- Onion Plantingst0
- Treatment
- Bensulidee0
- Interactor
- ridgeseed spurgee0weed
- Outcome
- ridgeseed spurgee0
- Direction
- failed to controle0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Bensulide failed to control ridgeseed spurge ( Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm.) and London rocket ( Sisymbrium irio L.).”
t0“Onion Plantings”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulide failed to control London rocket.
- Taxon
- Onion Plantingst0
- Treatment
- Bensulidee0
- Interactor
- London rockete0weed
- Outcome
- London rockete0
- Direction
- failed to controle0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Bensulide failed to control ridgeseed spurge ( Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm.) and London rocket ( Sisymbrium irio L.).”
t0“Onion Plantings”
Claim · model-written summary
Propachlor controlled ridgeseed spurge.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- 2-Chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide (propachlor)e0
- Interactor
- ridgeseed spurgee0weed
- Outcome
- ridgeseed spurgee0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2-Chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide (propachlor) controlled ridgeseed spurge without reducing the yield of onions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Propachlor did not reduce onion yield.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- propachlore0
- Outcome
- yield of onionse0
- Direction
- without reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2-Chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide (propachlor) controlled ridgeseed spurge without reducing the yield of onions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporated DCPA reduced onion yield.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- Soil-incorporated dimethyl tetra-chloroterephythalate (DCPA)e0
- Outcome
- yield of onionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil-incorporated dimethyl tetra-chloroterephythalate (DCPA) reduced the yield of onions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulide remained in its incorporated soil zone regardless of rainfall.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory bioassays indicated that regardless of rainfall, bensulide remained within the original zones of incorporation.”
t0“Onion Plantings”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulide persistence rose with soil incorporation.
Verbatim
e0“Persistence of the herbicide increased with soil incorporation and rate of application.”
t0“Onion Plantings”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulide persistence rose with application rate.
Verbatim
e0“Persistence of the herbicide increased with soil incorporation and rate of application.”
t0“Onion Plantings”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulide activity: Considerable activity persisted at 6 months.
- Taxon
- Onion Plantingst0
- Treatment
- 4.5 and 9.0 kg/ha of bensulidee0
- Outcome
- Considerable activity persistede0
- Value
- 6 monthse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Considerable activity persisted for 6 months but only a trace persisted 12 months after 4.5 and 9.0 kg/ha of bensulide were soil incorporated.”
t0“Onion Plantings”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulide activity: only a trace persisted at 12 months.
- Taxon
- Onion Plantingst0
- Treatment
- 4.5 and 9.0 kg/ha of bensulidee0
- Outcome
- only a trace persistede0
- Value
- 12 monthse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Considerable activity persisted for 6 months but only a trace persisted 12 months after 4.5 and 9.0 kg/ha of bensulide were soil incorporated.”
t0“Onion Plantings”
Claim · model-written summary
DCPA persisted less than six months.
Verbatim
e0“DCPA and propachlor persisted less than 6 months.”
t0“Onion Plantings”
Claim · model-written summary
propachlor persisted less than six months.
Verbatim
e0“DCPA and propachlor persisted less than 6 months.”
t0“Onion Plantings”
Claim · model-written summary
Field bioassays agreed with laboratory bioassays.
Verbatim
e0“Field bioassays agreed with data from laboratory bioassays.”
t0“Onion Plantings”
The same questions in other papers
propachlor · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Bensulide · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.