Abstract
Black pod caused by Phytophthora palmivora causes major losses on cocoa (Theobroma cacao) in Malaysia and worldwide. In this study, morphological and molecular characterization as well as pathogenicity of 14 isolates of P. palmivora, obtained from main cocoa producing states of Peninsular Malaysia including Perak and Pahang, were determined. In general, the results indicated that P. palmivora isolates were divided into two groups based on their geographical origins of the isolates. According to morphological characteristics, although some overlap was observed among the isolates obtained from the two states, isolates from Pahang grew faster on different agar media, and various shapes of sporangia including, globose, limoniform, ovoid and sporangia with two papilla were recorded for these isolates. Pathogenicity tests indicated that the isolates obtained from Pahang are more aggressive compared to the isolates from Perak. Phylogenetic analysis of a combined dataset of the ITS, EF-1, and COX1 indicated that all 14 isolates belonged to P. palmivora with no difference among the isolates. These results suggest that morphological and pathogenic diversity of Malaysian isolates of P. palmivora is related to their geographical origins.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Cocoa pathogen isolates separated into two geographical groups.
- Taxon
- cocoa
Theobroma cacaot0 - Interactor
- P. palmivora
.jpg?width=60)
Phytophthora palmivorae0pathogen - Outcome
- divided into two groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“P. palmivora isolates were divided into two groups based on their geographical origins of the isolates.”
t0“cocoa”
Claim · model-written summary
Pahang isolates of the cocoa pathogen grew faster on agar media than isolates from Perak.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaot0
- Interactor
- isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- isolates from Pahang grew fastere0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Setting
- Pahange0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“isolates from Pahang grew faster on different agar media”
t0“cocoa”
Claim · model-written summary
Pahang cocoa pathogen isolates had globose, limoniform, ovoid and two-papillate sporangia.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaot0
- Interactor
- isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- various shapes of sporangiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“various shapes of sporangia including, globose, limoniform, ovoid and sporangia with two papilla were recorded for these isolates.”
t0“cocoa”
Claim · model-written summary
Pahang isolates were more aggressive on cocoa than Perak isolates.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaot0
- Interactor
- isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- more aggressivee0
- Direction
- more aggressivee0
- Comparator
- isolates from Perake0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the isolates obtained from Pahang are more aggressive compared to the isolates from Perak.”
t0“cocoa”
Claim · model-written summary
Phylogenetic analysis assigned all 14 cocoa pathogen isolates to P. palmivora without differences among them.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaot0
- Interactor
- P. palmivoraPhytophthora palmivorae0pathogen
- Outcome
- all 14 isolates belonged to P. palmivorae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all 14 isolates belonged to P. palmivora with no difference among the isolates.”
t0“cocoa”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors related morphological and pathogenic diversity of cocoa pathogen isolates to geography.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaot0
- Interactor
- P. palmivoraPhytophthora palmivorae0pathogen
- Outcome
- morphological and pathogenic diversitye0
- Setting
- Malaysiane0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“morphological and pathogenic diversity of Malaysian isolates of P. palmivora is related to their geographical origins.”
t0“cocoa”