Abstract
Efficient management of fertilizers and irrigation could mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increase crop yields. Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of an integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) and water regime—alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF)—on GHG emissions and rice yield. Fertilizer treatments included control (no N), prilled urea (PU), urea deep placement (UDP), and IPNS (50% N from poultry litter and 50% N from PU). Gas sampling and analysis were performed using a closed-chamber technique and gas chromatography. IPNS produced significantly (p < 0.05) higher seasonal total methane (CH4) emissions (9–15%) compared to the UDP treatment, but the emissions with IPNS were similar to those of PU. IPNS had an interaction effect with the water regime on nitrogen oxide (N2O) emissions. IPNS produced more emissions than PU under AWD, but their emissions were similar under CF irrigation. IPNS produced a significantly higher total global warming potential (GWP) than UDP but a GWP similar to the PU treatment in both Aus (pre-monsoon) and Aman (wet) seasons. AWD irrigation reduced the total GWP by 8% over CF without yield reductions. IPNS significantly increased rice yields compared to broadcast PU but yields were similar to those of UDP. These findings suggest that both IPNS and UDP could be effective in increasing crop yields without increasing GHG emissions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
IPNS produced 9–15% higher methane emissions than UDP.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- IPNSe0
- Outcome
- seasonal total methane (CH4) emissionse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9–15%e0
- Comparator
- UDP treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IPNS produced significantly (p < 0.05) higher seasonal total methane (CH4) emissions (9–15%) compared to the UDP treatment”
t0“Lowland Rice Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
IPNS and PU had similar methane emissions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the emissions with IPNS were similar to those of PU”
t0“Lowland Rice Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
IPNS interacted with water regime for nitrous oxide emissions.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- IPNSe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen oxide (N2O) emissionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IPNS had an interaction effect with the water regime on nitrogen oxide (N2O) emissions”
t0“Lowland Rice Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Under AWD, IPNS produced more nitrous oxide emissions than PU.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- IPNSe0
- Outcome
- emissionse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- under AWDe0
- Comparator
- PUe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IPNS produced more emissions than PU under AWD”
t0“Lowland Rice Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Under CF, IPNS and PU had similar nitrous oxide emissions.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- IPNSe1
- Outcome
- emissionse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- CF irrigatione0
- Comparator
- PUe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their emissions were similar under CF irrigation”
e1“IPNS produced more emissions than PU under AWD”
t0“Lowland Rice Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
IPNS had significantly higher GWP than UDP in both Aus and Aman seasons.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- IPNSe0
- Outcome
- total global warming potential (GWP)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- both Aus (pre-monsoon) and Aman (wet) seasonse0
- Comparator
- UDPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IPNS produced a significantly higher total global warming potential (GWP) than UDP but a GWP similar to the PU treatment in both Aus (pre-monsoon) and Aman (wet) seasons”
t0“Lowland Rice Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
IPNS and PU had similar GWP in Aus and Aman.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- IPNSe0
- Outcome
- GWPe0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- both Aus (pre-monsoon) and Aman (wet) seasonse0
- Comparator
- PU treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IPNS produced a significantly higher total global warming potential (GWP) than UDP but a GWP similar to the PU treatment in both Aus (pre-monsoon) and Aman (wet) seasons”
t0“Lowland Rice Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD reduced GWP by 8% relative to CF.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWD irrigatione0
- Outcome
- total GWPe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 8%e0
- Comparator
- CFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AWD irrigation reduced the total GWP by 8% over CF without yield reductions”
t0“Lowland Rice Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD did not reduce yield relative to CF.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AWD irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yield reductionse0
- Direction
- without yield reductionse0
- Comparator
- CFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AWD irrigation reduced the total GWP by 8% over CF without yield reductions”
t0“Lowland Rice Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
IPNS significantly increased rice yield relative to broadcast PU.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- IPNSe0
- Outcome
- rice yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- broadcast PUe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IPNS significantly increased rice yields compared to broadcast PU”
t0“Lowland Rice Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
IPNS and UDP had similar rice yields.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yields were similar to those of UDP”
e1“IPNS significantly increased rice yields compared to broadcast PU”
t0“Lowland Rice Cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that IPNS and UDP can increase crop yields without raising GHG emissions.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- IPNS and UDPe0
- Outcome
- increasing crop yields without increasing GHG emissionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both IPNS and UDP could be effective in increasing crop yields without increasing GHG emissions”
t0“Lowland Rice Cultivation”
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See all 1,171 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.