Abstract
Abstract Urea deep placement (UDP) and the alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation method are two promising rice production technologies. However, studies on the impact of UDP under AWD irrigation on nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions are limited. In this study, the effects of UDP with AWD irrigation on these emissions, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and rice yields are investigated, compared to conventional broadcast application. N 2 O and NO emissions from three fertilizer treatments – no nitrogen, UDP, and broadcast application of prilled urea (PU) – were measured. Measurements were taken using an automated gas sampling and analysis system continuously for two consecutive Boro (dry) rice seasons. N 2 O emission peaks were observed after broadcast application of PU but not after UDP. In contrast, large spikes in N 2 O emission were observed after UDP, compared to broadcast application, during dry periods. Despite differences in emission peaks, seasonal cumulative N 2 O emissions from UDP and broadcast treatments were similar. However, NO emissions were minimal and unaffected by UDP or AWD. UDP increased rice yields by 28% and N recovery efficiency by 167%, compared to broadcast urea. This study demonstrates that UDP with AWD irrigation can increase yields and NUE without increasing N 2 O and NO emissions.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast prilled urea produced nitrous oxide emission peaks, unlike deep placement.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- broadcast application of PUe0
- Outcome
- N 2 O emission peakse0
- Comparator
- UDPe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N 2 O emission peaks were observed after broadcast application of PU but not after UDP.”
t0“rice cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement produced larger nitrous oxide spikes during dry periods than broadcast application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- UDPe0
- Outcome
- N 2 O emissione0
- Direction
- large spikese0
- Qualifier
- during dry periodse0
- Comparator
- broadcast applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“large spikes in N 2 O emission were observed after UDP, compared to broadcast application, during dry periods.”
t0“rice cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal cumulative nitrous oxide emissions were similar under deep placement and broadcast application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- UDPe0
- Outcome
- seasonal cumulative N 2 O emissionse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- broadcast treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seasonal cumulative N 2 O emissions from UDP and broadcast treatments were similar.”
t0“rice cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitric oxide emissions were minimal and unaffected by deep placement or alternate wetting and drying.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- UDP or AWDe0
- Outcome
- NO emissionse0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO emissions were minimal and unaffected by UDP or AWD.”
t0“rice cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement increased rice yield by 28% relative to broadcast urea.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- UDPe0
- Outcome
- rice yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Comparator
- broadcast ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UDP increased rice yields by 28% and N recovery efficiency by 167%, compared to broadcast urea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep placement increased nitrogen recovery efficiency by 167% relative to broadcast urea.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- UDPe0
- Outcome
- N recovery efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 167%e0
- Comparator
- broadcast ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UDP increased rice yields by 28% and N recovery efficiency by 167%, compared to broadcast urea.”
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