Abstract
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), like other plants, has evolved a variety of ways to resist pathogens. However, there are some studies that reported different results at the phenotypic and physiological levels. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to reveal common trends, address some controversy, and a source of heterogeneity in 19 wheat phenotypic indices. It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD). However, the model was not significant for TKW, H 2 O 2 , PUT, SA, and SPD (p 0.05). The moderator analysis revealed that the effect of "cultivar" was significant on the kernel number (p 0.035) and GST (p 0.008), and the effect of "type of biotic stress" was significant on the grain yield (p 0.001), APX (p 0.0001), CAT (p 0.0009), POX (p 0.0344), flavonoids (p 0.001), and SPAD (p 0.0201). For plant biomass, the intercept effect of "cultivar" and "type of biotic stress" was significant (p 0.0187). The mixed-effect analysis addressed a source of heterogeneity in studies used in our study. However, to address additional factors affecting these parameters, some consideration for future studies is needed.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, thousand kernel weight (TKW) showed reduction.
- Taxon
- common wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- thousand kernel weight (TKW)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, kernel number showed reduction.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- kernel numbere0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, plant biomass showed reduction.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, grain yield showed reduction.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, relative water content (RWC) showed reduction.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, soil and plant analysis development (SPAD) showed reduction.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- soil and plant analysis development (SPAD)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, proline showed reduction.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed increase.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, catalase (CAT) showed increase.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) showed increase.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- glutathione-S-transferase (GST)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) showed increase.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) showed increase.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, peroxidase (POX) showed increase.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POX)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) showed increase.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidase (PPO)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed increase.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, flavonoids showed increase.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- flavonoidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, putrescine (PUT) showed increase.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- putrescine (PUT)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, salicylic acid (SA) showed increase.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biotic stress, spermidine (SPD) showed increase.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- spermidine (SPD)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- biotic stressest0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses”
e0“It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar significantly moderated kernel number and GST, and biotic stress type significantly moderated grain yield, APX, CAT, POX, flavonoids and SPAD.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- cultivare0
- Outcome
- kernel numbere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“common wheat”
e0“The moderator analysis revealed that the effect of "cultivar" was significant on the kernel number (p 0.035) and GST (p 0.008), and the effect of "type of biotic stress" was significant on the grain yield (p 0.001), APX (p 0.0001), CAT (p 0.0009), POX (p 0.0344), flavonoids (p 0.001), and SPAD (p 0.0201)”