Abstract
Experiments were conducted at EI·Bramoon Exp. Farm, Hort. Res. Inst., during 2001 and 2002 summer season. In order to study the effect of NaCI salinities (0 • .4000 and 6000 ppm) and the applied ameliorative ions, phosphate (phosphoric acid form, 0.35 mill), nitrate (nitric acid form, 0.35 mill) and Citrate (citric acid form, 5 gil) In irrigation waler and their Interaction on the ionic, physiological and agronomlcal performances of Baladi cowpea. Each three weekly successive salt treatments were followed by one ameliorative ion treatment up 10 nine and three applications respectively during the season. Results could be summarized as follows:· Effects cJ salinity: As the intensity of NaCI salt stress Increased, plant height, dry matter I plant (g), number of flowers and pods I plant. pods and seeds yield I plant (g) were significantly decreased in the two seasons. The whole plant dry weight decreased by 20.7 and 31.0% (mean of two seasons relative to control) at moderate and high (4000 and 8000 ppm NaCI), respectively. Also, pods and seeds yield were decreased by 24.6 and 25.6% and 46.8 and 47.0%, respectively. Effects of the ameliorative ions: Applying phOsphate followed by nitrate and citrate were significantly improved growth and yield as they greatly reduced the accumulation of salt ions and improved useful nutrients. protein and carbohydrates content. Also, Increased the whole plant dry weight by 51.9, 41.4 and 25.7%. pods and seeds yield by 46.5 and 47.7%; 31.0 and 32.4% and 22.3 and 11.4%, respectively relative to the control. Effect of interaction: The presence of phosphate followed by nitrate and citrate ions In growth substrate was greatly reduced the adverse effects 01 moderate and to some extent of higher salinity, Phosphate was the most effective one. At moderate salinity, total dry weight reduced by 30.1%. pods and seeds yield by 30,7 and 32.6%, after phosphate application those were fully restored to the normal values of control or above, they were increased by 10.0, 4.3 and 4.9%. respectively. At higher salinity, those were reduced by 43,0, 54.2 and 52.0%, respectively, phosphate alleviated the declines to be only 3.9. 25.0 and 26.5%. respectively. 4, A positive correlation between pod and seed yields vs. total dry weight, total carbohydrates, crude protein, N, P, K. Ca, KINa and CalNa values was observed. On contrary, negative correlation was found with Na and CI content. Correlation values confirmed the essentiality of KINa, CalNa, protein. Na and CI values and contents as Indicators for salt adaptation. 5, Baladi cowpea considered as relatively less salt sensitive (moderate salinity)and moderately sensitive (higher salinity), they maintained no extreme physiological disturbances parallel with no agronomlcal extreme alterations as NaCllevels was double folded. It could be concluded, with adding phosphate (phosphoric acid, 0.35 mIlL) through three applications in irrigation water during the grOWing season of cowpea to obtain normal yield at moderate (4000 ppm NaCI) and less reduced yield at higher (8000 ppm NaCI) salinities. Also. nitric and citric were of beneficial effects.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NaCl salinity significantly reduced plant height, dry matter, flowers, pods and yield.
Verbatim
e0“As the intensity of NaCI salt stress Increased, plant height, dry matter I plant (g), number of flowers and pods I plant. pods and seeds yield I plant (g) were significantly decreased in the two seasons.”
t0“SALADl COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate salinity reduced whole-plant dry weight by 20.7%.
Verbatim
e0“The whole plant dry weight decreased by 20.7 and 31.0% (mean of two seasons relative to control) at moderate and high (4000 and 8000 ppm NaCI), respectively.”
t0“SALADl COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity reduced whole-plant dry weight by 31.0%.
Verbatim
e0“The whole plant dry weight decreased by 20.7 and 31.0% (mean of two seasons relative to control) at moderate and high (4000 and 8000 ppm NaCI), respectively.”
t0“SALADl COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced pod yield by 24.6% at moderate and 46.8% at high salinity.
- Taxon
- SALADl COWPEAt0
- Treatment
- NaCI salt stresse1
- Outcome
- pods and seeds yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 24.6 and 25.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“pods and seeds yield were decreased by 24.6 and 25.6% and 46.8 and 47.0%, respectively.”
t0“SALADl COWPEA”
e1“As the intensity of NaCI salt stress Increased, plant height, dry matter I plant (g), number of flowers and pods I plant. pods and seeds yield I plant (g) were significantly decreased in the two seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate increased whole-plant dry weight by 51.9% relative to control.
- Taxon
- SALADl COWPEAt0
- Treatment
- phOsphatee1
- Outcome
- whole plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- Increasede0
- Value
- 51.9, 41.4 and 25.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Increased the whole plant dry weight by 51.9, 41.4 and 25.7%.”
t0“SALADl COWPEA”
e1“Applying phOsphate followed by nitrate and citrate were significantly improved growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate restored dry weight and pod and seed yield under moderate salinity.
Verbatim
e0“after phosphate application those were fully restored to the normal values of control or above, they were increased by 10.0, 4.3 and 4.9%. respectively.”
t0“SALADl COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod and seed yields were positively correlated with biomass, carbohydrates, protein and nutrient measures.
Verbatim
e0“A positive correlation between pod and seed yields vs. total dry weight, total carbohydrates, crude protein, N, P, K. Ca, KINa and CalNa values was observed.”
t0“SALADl COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod and seed yields correlated negatively with Na and CI content.
Verbatim
e0“negative correlation was found with Na and CI content.”
t0“SALADl COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend phosphate in irrigation water for yields under moderate and high salinity.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- phosphate (phosphoric acid, 0.35 mIlL)e0
- Outcome
- normal yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with adding phosphate (phosphoric acid, 0.35 mIlL) through three applications in irrigation water during the grOWing season of cowpea to obtain normal yield at moderate (4000 ppm NaCI) and less reduced yield at higher (8000 ppm NaCI) salinities.”