Abstract
"One important subject is to determine the effectiveness of conservation areas, where different management categories are being applied, to maintain effective sexual reproduction in plants and their interactions with animal groups. To evaluate this issue, we compared the phenology, reproductive success, pollination and pre-dispersal seed predation of the legume tree Senna multijuga in two differently managed protected areas in Southeastern Brazil: the Itatiaia National Park and the Environmental Protection Area of Serrinha do Alambari, from December 2007 to December 2008. Vegetative and reproductive phenodinamycs were registered monthly in 80 individuals; other evaluations included 104 observation hours for pollination (March-May 2008) in 51 inflorescences; besides, fruit counts, fecundity and seed predation. Sexual reproduction of S. multijuga depends on the transfer of pollen by large bees (Bombus, Centris, Epicharis and Xylocopa), as the species is self-incompatible. Bruchidae species of the genus Acanthoscelides and Sennius predate seeds. Vegetative and reproductive phenodynamics differed among sites. Our results indicated that ecological interactions were lower at the protected area, but the reproductive processes in S. multijuga were not ruptured or critically degraded. This reinforces the idea that landscape areas with intermediate levels of protection, such as environmental protection areas, are suitable as buffer zones, and thus, relevant to the conservation of ecological processes when associated with more strictly protected areas."
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Senna multijuga is self-incompatible.
- Taxon
- Senna multijuga
.jpg?width=60)
Senna multijugat0 - Outcome
- self-incompatiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Sexual reproduction of S. multijuga depends on the transfer of pollen by large bees (Bombus, Centris, Epicharis and Xylocopa), as the species is self-incompatible.”
t0“Senna multijuga”
Claim · model-written summary
Sexual reproduction depends on pollen transfer by Bombus.
- Taxon
- Senna multijugaSenna multijugat0
- Outcome
- Sexual reproductione0
BombusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sexual reproduction of S. multijuga depends on the transfer of pollen by large bees (Bombus, Centris, Epicharis and Xylocopa), as the species is self-incompatible.”
t0“Senna multijuga”
Claim · model-written summary
Sexual reproduction depends on pollen transfer by Centris.
- Taxon
- Senna multijugaSenna multijugat0
- Outcome
- Sexual reproductione0
CentrisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sexual reproduction of S. multijuga depends on the transfer of pollen by large bees (Bombus, Centris, Epicharis and Xylocopa), as the species is self-incompatible.”
t0“Senna multijuga”
Claim · model-written summary
Sexual reproduction depends on pollen transfer by Epicharis.
- Taxon
- Senna multijugaSenna multijugat0
- Interactor
- Epicharise0pollinator
- Outcome
- Sexual reproductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sexual reproduction of S. multijuga depends on the transfer of pollen by large bees (Bombus, Centris, Epicharis and Xylocopa), as the species is self-incompatible.”
t0“Senna multijuga”
Claim · model-written summary
Sexual reproduction depends on pollen transfer by Xylocopa.
- Taxon
- Senna multijugaSenna multijugat0
- Outcome
- Sexual reproductione0
XylocopaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sexual reproduction of S. multijuga depends on the transfer of pollen by large bees (Bombus, Centris, Epicharis and Xylocopa), as the species is self-incompatible.”
t0“Senna multijuga”
Claim · model-written summary
Acanthoscelides predated seeds.
- Taxon
- Senna multijugaSenna multijugat0
- Interactor
- Acanthoscelides
Acanthoscelidese0pest - Outcome
- predate seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bruchidae species of the genus Acanthoscelides and Sennius predate seeds.”
t0“Senna multijuga”
Claim · model-written summary
Sennius predated seeds.
- Taxon
- Senna multijugaSenna multijugat0
- Outcome
- predate seedse0
SenniusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bruchidae species of the genus Acanthoscelides and Sennius predate seeds.”
t0“Senna multijuga”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative and reproductive phenodynamics differed among sites.
- Taxon
- Senna multijugaSenna multijugat0
- Outcome
- Vegetative and reproductive phenodynamicse0
- Direction
- differede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vegetative and reproductive phenodynamics differed among sites.”
t0“Senna multijuga”
Claim · model-written summary
Ecological interactions were lower at the protected area.
- Taxon
- Senna multijugaSenna multijugat0
- Outcome
- ecological interactionse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Setting
- protected areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results indicated that ecological interactions were lower at the protected area, but the reproductive processes in S. multijuga were not ruptured or critically degraded.”
t0“Senna multijuga”
Claim · model-written summary
Reproductive processes were not critically degraded.
- Taxon
- Senna multijugaSenna multijugat0
- Outcome
- reproductive processese0
- Direction
- not ruptured or critically degradede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results indicated that ecological interactions were lower at the protected area, but the reproductive processes in S. multijuga were not ruptured or critically degraded.”
t0“Senna multijuga”
Claim · model-written summary
Intermediate-protection areas are suitable as buffer zones.
- Taxon
- Senna multijugaSenna multijugat0
- Outcome
- suitable as buffer zonese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This reinforces the idea that landscape areas with intermediate levels of protection, such as environmental protection areas, are suitable as buffer zones, and thus, relevant to the conservation of ecological processes when associated with more strictly protected areas.”
t0“Senna multijuga”