Abstract
To prevent reliance on a single finite source of the medium in raising tobacco nurseries, there arose a need to evaluate alternative media based on materials already available on farms. An experiment was set to evaluate the effects of different soilless growing media on the growth and biomass of flue-cured leaf tobacco seedlings. The design used was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were 100% pine bark (control), 50% cattle manure + 50% sand, 100% coal rubble, 100% compost manure, 50% pine bark + 50% sand, 100% cattle manure, 75% coal rubble + 25% sand, 75% cattle manure + 25% sand, 50% compost manure + 50% sand, and 75% compost manure + 25% sand. The results showed that increased seed emergence and survival percent were observed in the following media; 50% pine bark + 50% sand, 75% coal rubble + 25% sand, 75% compost manure + 25% sand, 100% coal rubble, 100% compost manure, and 50% compost manure + 50% sand, these treatments were not statistically different from 100% pine bark (control). The stem length and diameter of tobacco seedlings were superior in the medium with 100% compost manure when compared to all other treatments including pine bark. Increased transplantable percent of tobacco seedlings were in 50% pine bark + 50% sand and 100% compost manure, significantly higher than 100% pine bark (control). Most treatments that used cattle manure had significantly lower seed emergence percent, survival percentage, and transplantable percent of tobacco seedlings. Therefore, tobacco growers are recommended to use the growing medium with compost manure and should avoid using cattle manure when raising tobacco seedlings in seed beds.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
50% pine bark + 50% sand increased tobacco seed emergence and survival, without a statistically detectable difference from pine bark control.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- 50% pine bark + 50% sande0
- Outcome
- seed emergence and survival percente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 100% pine bark (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased seed emergence and survival percent were observed in the following media; 50% pine bark + 50% sand, 75% coal rubble + 25% sand, 75% compost manure + 25% sand, 100% coal rubble, 100% compost manure, and 50% compost manure + 50% sand, these treatments were not statistically different from 100% pine bark (control).”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
75% coal rubble + 25% sand increased tobacco seed emergence and survival, without a statistically detectable difference from pine bark control.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 75% coal rubble + 25% sande0
- Outcome
- seed emergence and survival percente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 100% pine bark (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased seed emergence and survival percent were observed in the following media; 50% pine bark + 50% sand, 75% coal rubble + 25% sand, 75% compost manure + 25% sand, 100% coal rubble, 100% compost manure, and 50% compost manure + 50% sand, these treatments were not statistically different from 100% pine bark (control).”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
75% compost manure + 25% sand increased tobacco seed emergence and survival, without a statistically detectable difference from pine bark control.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 75% compost manure + 25% sande0
- Outcome
- seed emergence and survival percente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 100% pine bark (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased seed emergence and survival percent were observed in the following media; 50% pine bark + 50% sand, 75% coal rubble + 25% sand, 75% compost manure + 25% sand, 100% coal rubble, 100% compost manure, and 50% compost manure + 50% sand, these treatments were not statistically different from 100% pine bark (control).”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
100% coal rubble increased tobacco seed emergence and survival, without a statistically detectable difference from pine bark control.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 100% coal rubblee0
- Outcome
- seed emergence and survival percente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 100% pine bark (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased seed emergence and survival percent were observed in the following media; 50% pine bark + 50% sand, 75% coal rubble + 25% sand, 75% compost manure + 25% sand, 100% coal rubble, 100% compost manure, and 50% compost manure + 50% sand, these treatments were not statistically different from 100% pine bark (control).”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
100% compost manure increased tobacco seed emergence and survival, without a statistically detectable difference from pine bark control.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 100% compost manuree0
- Outcome
- seed emergence and survival percente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 100% pine bark (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased seed emergence and survival percent were observed in the following media; 50% pine bark + 50% sand, 75% coal rubble + 25% sand, 75% compost manure + 25% sand, 100% coal rubble, 100% compost manure, and 50% compost manure + 50% sand, these treatments were not statistically different from 100% pine bark (control).”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
50% compost manure + 50% sand increased tobacco seed emergence and survival, without a statistically detectable difference from pine bark control.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 50% compost manure + 50% sande0
- Outcome
- seed emergence and survival percente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 100% pine bark (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased seed emergence and survival percent were observed in the following media; 50% pine bark + 50% sand, 75% coal rubble + 25% sand, 75% compost manure + 25% sand, 100% coal rubble, 100% compost manure, and 50% compost manure + 50% sand, these treatments were not statistically different from 100% pine bark (control).”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost manure gave superior tobacco seedling stem length relative to other media.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- 100% compost manuree0
- Outcome
- stem lengthe0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- all other treatments including pine barke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stem length and diameter of tobacco seedlings were superior in the medium with 100% compost manure when compared to all other treatments including pine bark.”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost manure gave superior tobacco seedling diameter relative to other media.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- 100% compost manuree0
- Outcome
- diametere0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- all other treatments including pine barke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stem length and diameter of tobacco seedlings were superior in the medium with 100% compost manure when compared to all other treatments including pine bark.”
Claim · model-written summary
50% pine bark + 50% sand significantly increased transplantable tobacco seedling percentage versus pine bark control.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- 50% pine bark + 50% sande0
- Outcome
- transplantable percent of tobacco seedlingse0
- Direction
- significantly highere0
- Comparator
- 100% pine bark (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased transplantable percent of tobacco seedlings were in 50% pine bark + 50% sand and 100% compost manure, significantly higher than 100% pine bark (control).”
Claim · model-written summary
100% compost manure significantly increased transplantable tobacco seedling percentage versus pine bark control.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- 100% compost manuree0
- Outcome
- transplantable percent of tobacco seedlingse0
- Direction
- significantly highere0
- Comparator
- 100% pine bark (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased transplantable percent of tobacco seedlings were in 50% pine bark + 50% sand and 100% compost manure, significantly higher than 100% pine bark (control).”
Claim · model-written summary
Most cattle manure media significantly lowered tobacco seedling seed emergence percent.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- treatments that used cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- seed emergence percente0
- Direction
- significantly lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most treatments that used cattle manure had significantly lower seed emergence percent, survival percentage, and transplantable percent of tobacco seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Most cattle manure media significantly lowered tobacco seedling survival percentage.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- treatments that used cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- survival percentagee0
- Direction
- significantly lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most treatments that used cattle manure had significantly lower seed emergence percent, survival percentage, and transplantable percent of tobacco seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Most cattle manure media significantly lowered tobacco seedling transplantable percent.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- treatments that used cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- transplantable percente0
- Direction
- significantly lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most treatments that used cattle manure had significantly lower seed emergence percent, survival percentage, and transplantable percent of tobacco seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco growers should use compost manure medium in seed beds.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- use the growing medium with compost manuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, tobacco growers are recommended to use the growing medium with compost manure and should avoid using cattle manure when raising tobacco seedlings in seed beds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco growers should avoid cattle manure when raising seedlings.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- avoid using cattle manure when raising tobacco seedlings in seed bedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, tobacco growers are recommended to use the growing medium with compost manure and should avoid using cattle manure when raising tobacco seedlings in seed beds.”
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