Abstract
Drought poses a serious threat to plant growth. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have great potential to improve plant nutrition, yield, and drought tolerance. Sphingomonas is an important microbiota genus that is extensively distributed in the plant or rhizosphere. However, the knowledge of its plant growth-promoting function in dry regions is extremely limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress. We found that Hbc-6 increased the biomass of maize under normal conditions and drought stress. For instance, the root fresh weight and shoot dry weight of inoculated maize increased by 39.1% and 34.8% respectively compared with non-inoculated plant, while they increased by 61.3% and 96.3% respectively under drought conditions. Hbc-6 also promoted seed germination, maintained stomatal morphology and increased chlorophyll content so as to enhance photosynthesis of plants. Hbc-6 increased antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide, peroxidase) activities and osmoregulation substances (proline, soluble sugar) and up-regulated the level of beneficial metabolites (resveratrol, etc.). Moreover, Hbc-6 reshaped the maize rhizosphere bacterial community, increased its richness and diversity, and made the rhizosphere bacterial community more complex to resist stress; Hbc-6 could also recruit more potentially rhizosphere beneficial bacteria which might promote plant growth together with Hbc-6 both under normal and drought stress. In short, Hbc-6 increased maize biomass and drought tolerance through the above ways. Our findings lay a foundation for exploring the complex mechanisms of interactions between Sphingomonas and plants, and it is important that Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 can be used as a potential biofertilizer in agricultural production, which will assist finding new solutions for improving the growth and yield of crops in arid areas.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 increased root fresh weight of maize by 39.1% relative to non-inoculated plants under normal conditions.
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- inoculatede1
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 39.1%e1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plante1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e1“the root fresh weight and shoot dry weight of inoculated maize increased by 39.1% and 34.8% respectively compared with non-inoculated plant, while they increased by 61.3% and 96.3% respectively under drought conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 increased shoot dry weight of maize by 34.8% relative to non-inoculated plants under normal conditions.
- Organ / stage
- shoote1
- Treatment
- inoculatede1
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 34.8%e1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plante1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e1“the root fresh weight and shoot dry weight of inoculated maize increased by 39.1% and 34.8% respectively compared with non-inoculated plant, while they increased by 61.3% and 96.3% respectively under drought conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought conditions, inoculation with Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 increased root fresh weight of maize by 61.3% relative to non-inoculated plants.
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- inoculatede1
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 61.3%e1
- Qualifier
- under drought conditionse1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plante1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e1“the root fresh weight and shoot dry weight of inoculated maize increased by 39.1% and 34.8% respectively compared with non-inoculated plant, while they increased by 61.3% and 96.3% respectively under drought conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought conditions, inoculation with Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 increased shoot dry weight of maize by 96.3% relative to non-inoculated plants.
- Organ / stage
- shoote1
- Treatment
- inoculatede1
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 96.3%e1
- Qualifier
- under drought conditionse1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plante1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e1“the root fresh weight and shoot dry weight of inoculated maize increased by 39.1% and 34.8% respectively compared with non-inoculated plant, while they increased by 61.3% and 96.3% respectively under drought conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Hbc-6 promoted seed germination of maize.
- Organ / stage
- seede2
- Treatment
- Hbc-6e2
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed germinatione2
- Direction
- promotede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e2“Hbc-6 also promoted seed germination, maintained stomatal morphology and increased chlorophyll content so as to enhance photosynthesis of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hbc-6 maintained stomatal morphology of maize.
- Treatment
- Hbc-6e2
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- stomatal morphologye2
- Direction
- maintainede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e2“Hbc-6 also promoted seed germination, maintained stomatal morphology and increased chlorophyll content so as to enhance photosynthesis of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hbc-6 increased chlorophyll content of maize.
- Treatment
- Hbc-6e2
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e2“Hbc-6 also promoted seed germination, maintained stomatal morphology and increased chlorophyll content so as to enhance photosynthesis of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the Hbc-6 effect on chlorophyll as enhancing photosynthesis in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e2“Hbc-6 also promoted seed germination, maintained stomatal morphology and increased chlorophyll content so as to enhance photosynthesis of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hbc-6 increased antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide, peroxidase) activities in maize.
- Treatment
- Hbc-6e3
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide, peroxidase) activitiese3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e3“Hbc-6 increased antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide, peroxidase) activities and osmoregulation substances (proline, soluble sugar) and up-regulated the level of beneficial metabolites (resveratrol, etc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hbc-6 increased osmoregulation substances (proline, soluble sugar) in maize.
- Treatment
- Hbc-6e3
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- osmoregulation substances (proline, soluble sugar)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e3“Hbc-6 increased antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide, peroxidase) activities and osmoregulation substances (proline, soluble sugar) and up-regulated the level of beneficial metabolites (resveratrol, etc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hbc-6 up-regulated the level of beneficial metabolites (resveratrol, etc.) in maize.
- Treatment
- Hbc-6e3
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- level of beneficial metabolites (resveratrol, etc.)e3
- Direction
- up-regulatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e3“Hbc-6 increased antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide, peroxidase) activities and osmoregulation substances (proline, soluble sugar) and up-regulated the level of beneficial metabolites (resveratrol, etc.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hbc-6 reshaped the maize rhizosphere bacterial community.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e4“Hbc-6 reshaped the maize rhizosphere bacterial community, increased its richness and diversity, and made the rhizosphere bacterial community more complex to resist stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Hbc-6 increased richness and diversity of the maize rhizosphere bacterial community.
- Treatment
- Hbc-6e4
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- richness and diversitye4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e4“Hbc-6 reshaped the maize rhizosphere bacterial community, increased its richness and diversity, and made the rhizosphere bacterial community more complex to resist stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Hbc-6 made the maize rhizosphere bacterial community more complex, which the authors link to resisting stress.
- Treatment
- Hbc-6e4
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- rhizosphere bacterial communitye4
- Direction
- more complexe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e4“Hbc-6 reshaped the maize rhizosphere bacterial community, increased its richness and diversity, and made the rhizosphere bacterial community more complex to resist stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Hbc-6 may recruit more potentially beneficial rhizosphere bacteria in maize.
- Treatment
- Hbc-6e5
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- potentially rhizosphere beneficial bacteriae5
- Direction
- recruit moree5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e5“Hbc-6 could also recruit more potentially rhizosphere beneficial bacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that Hbc-6 increased drought tolerance of maize.
- Treatment
- Hbc-6e6
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6e0symbiont
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e6“In short, Hbc-6 increased maize biomass and drought tolerance through the above ways”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 as a potential biofertilizer for maize in agricultural production.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress”
e7“it is important that Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 can be used as a potential biofertilizer in agricultural production”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
634 papers in the same direction as this paper · 61 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
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