Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is an important factor affecting the yield and quality of leguminous crops. Nodulation is regulated by a complex network comprising several transcription factors. Here, we functionally characterized the role of a TOC1 family member, GmTOC1b, in soybean ( Glycine max ) nodulation. RT-qPCR assays showed that GmTOC1b is constitutively expressed in soybean. However, GmTOC1b was also highly expressed in nodules, and GmTOC1 localized to the cell nucleus, based on transient transformation in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Homozygous Gmtoc1b mutant plants exhibited increased root hair curling and produced more infection threads, resulting in more nodules and greater nodule fresh weight. By contrast, GmTOC1b overexpression inhibited nodulation. Furthermore, we also showed that GmTOC1b represses the expression of nodulation-related genes including GmNIN2a and GmENOD40-1 by binding to their promoters. We conclude that GmTOC1b functions as a transcriptional repressor to inhibit nodulation by repressing the expression of key nodulation-related genes including GmNIN2a , GmNIN2b , and GmENOD40-1 in soybean.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
GmTOC1b is constitutively expressed in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Gene
- GmTOC1be0
- Outcome
- constitutively expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmTOC1b is constitutively expressed in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
GmTOC1b expression is high in nodules.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- nodulese0
- Gene
- GmTOC1be0
- Outcome
- highly expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmTOC1b was also highly expressed in nodules”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
GmTOC1 localized to the nucleus in Nicotiana leaves.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Gene
- GmTOC1e0
- Outcome
- localized to the cell nucleuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmTOC1 localized to the cell nucleus, based on transient transformation in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Gmtoc1b mutants had more root hair curling and infection threads.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Gmtoc1b mutante0
- Outcome
- root hair curling and produced more infection threadse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Homozygous Gmtoc1b mutant plants exhibited increased root hair curling and produced more infection threads”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Gmtoc1b mutants produced more nodules and greater nodule fresh weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- nodules and greater nodule fresh weighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in more nodules and greater nodule fresh weight”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
GmTOC1b overexpression inhibited nodulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- GmTOC1b overexpressione0
- Gene
- GmTOC1be0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmTOC1b overexpression inhibited nodulation”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
GmTOC1b binds promoters and represses GmNIN2a and GmENOD40-1 expression.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- GmTOC1be0
- Outcome
- expression of nodulation-related genes including GmNIN2a and GmENOD40-1e0
- Qualifier
- binding to their promoterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmTOC1b represses the expression of nodulation-related genes including GmNIN2a and GmENOD40-1 by binding to their promoters”
t0“soybean”