Abstract
Abstract Background Seed germination and seedling growth constitute the first stage of a plant's life cycle for crop establishment. Arthrocnemum Moq. is a halophyte of the subfamily Salicornioideae (Amaranthaceae), which could be recognized in the foreseeable future as an emerging candidate in applied biosaline agricultural programs, mainly due to the large biomass it represents in coastal and inland saltmarshes, in addition to its interesting nutritional and pharmacological properties. However, to ensure their subsequent use as a crop, it is necessary to optimize their germination through appropriate seed priming treatments. The main goal of this work was to seek the optimization of Arthrocnemum germination process using different pretreatments: exposure to sodium chloride (100 to 1200 mM) in the dark and its subsequent transferred to distilled water separately and together with the combination of pH (5, 7, 9), salinity (0, 100, 200 mM NaCl), and iron conditions (0, 200, 400 µM FeSO 4 ). The experiments were tested on six samples of two different species: A . meridionale (from Tunisia) and A . macrostachyum (from Spain). Results Salinity priming of seeds for 15 days in darkness improved germination percentages by almost 25% at 600 mM NaCl, in both Tunisian and Spanish species. However, keeping seeds at different salt concentrations for 30 days produced higher improvement percentages at lower concentrations in A. meridionale (100–200 mM NaCl), while in A. macrostachyum the highest improvement percentages were obtained at 600 mM NaCl (percentage improvement of 47%). When the dark time period is reduced to 5 days at higher salt concentrations, the greater germination percentages were reached in all the samples at the concentration of 800 mM NaCl, increasing the improvement of germination between 17 and 50%. Finally, the conditions of pH = 7, pretreatment in darkness at 800 mM NaCl and 400 µM or iron, turned out to be an effective medium for seed germination. Conclusions Therefore, before using Arthrocnemum seeds in applied biotechnological programs, a seed priming treatment based on prior exposure to high salt concentrations (600–1000 mM NaCl) is recommended in order to maximize germination percentages.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Fifteen days of dark salt priming at 600 mM NaCl improved germination by almost 25% in both species.
- Taxon
- Arthrocnemum Moq.t0
- Treatment
- Salinity priming of seeds for 15 days in darknesse0
- Outcome
- germination percentagese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- almost 25%e0
- Qualifier
- 600 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Salinity priming of seeds for 15 days in darkness improved germination percentages by almost 25% at 600 mM NaCl, in both Tunisian and Spanish species.”
t0“Arthrocnemum Moq.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 days, lower salt concentrations gave higher improvement in A. meridionale.
- Taxon
- A. meridionaleArthrocaulon meridionalee0
- Treatment
- 100–200 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- improvement percentagese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 30 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“keeping seeds at different salt concentrations for 30 days produced higher improvement percentages at lower concentrations in A. meridionale (100–200 mM NaCl)”
t0“Arthrocnemum Moq.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 days, A. macrostachyum had its highest germination improvement at 600 mM NaCl, reaching 47%.
- Taxon
- A. macrostachyum
Arthrocaulon macrostachyume0 - Treatment
- 600 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- improvement percentagese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 47%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in A. macrostachyum the highest improvement percentages were obtained at 600 mM NaCl (percentage improvement of 47%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Five days in darkness at 800 mM NaCl produced the greatest germination percentages across samples, increasing improvement by 17 to 50%.
- Taxon
- Arthrocnemum Moq.t0
- Treatment
- 800 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- germination percentagese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- between 17 and 50%e0
- Qualifier
- 5 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“When the dark time period is reduced to 5 days at higher salt concentrations, the greater germination percentages were reached in all the samples at the concentration of 800 mM NaCl, increasing the improvement of germination between 17 and 50%.”
t0“Arthrocnemum Moq.”
Claim · model-written summary
pH 7, dark priming at 800 mM NaCl and 400 µM iron was an effective germination medium.
- Taxon
- Arthrocnemum Moq.t0
- Treatment
- pH = 7, pretreatment in darkness at 800 mM NaCl and 400 µM or irone0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“the conditions of pH = 7, pretreatment in darkness at 800 mM NaCl and 400 µM or iron, turned out to be an effective medium for seed germination.”
t0“Arthrocnemum Moq.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend prior exposure to 600–1000 mM NaCl to maximize germination.
Verbatim
e0“a seed priming treatment based on prior exposure to high salt concentrations (600–1000 mM NaCl) is recommended in order to maximize germination percentages.”
t0“Arthrocnemum Moq.”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · SalicorniaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
light · growth · SalicorniaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salinity · growth · SalicorniaResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.