Abstract
The use of biochar as a soil amendment has obvious impacts on soil biota and crop productivity. However, the relationship between the rhizosphere bacterial community and crop growth under biochar application is unclear, especially long-term analysis under repeated application of biochar. Thus, we evaluated changes in soil environmental factors, rhizosphere bacterial community structure, and growth traits of winter wheat following the application of different amounts of biochar. Biochar was applied twice in October 2011 and October 2016. The medium or high amount of biochar (10 t ha–1 or 20 t ha−1) application increased the soil moisture, nutrient contents, and urease and catalase activities. The β-diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial community was significantly affected by biochar and its interaction with different growth stages. Biomarkers enriched under biochar addition belonged to phyla comprising Cyanobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, and Chloroflexi. Biochar addition significantly (P < 0.05) improved crop biomass, carbon and nitrogen uptake, and increased the relative crop nitrogen and carbon uptake rates (RNU and RCU) in all growth stages, with the highest dose in a medium amount of biochar (10 t ha−1). Biomarkers enriched under biochar treatments had positive correlations with RNU and RCU, such as Chloroflexales, Thermobioceraceae, and Parviterribacter. Our study furthers the understanding of the association of rhizobacteria community and crop growth under long-term application of biochar.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Medium or high biochar application increased soil moisture and nutrient contents.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- medium or high amount of biochar (10 t ha–1 or 20 t ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- soil moisture, nutrient contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The medium or high amount of biochar (10 t ha–1 or 20 t ha−1) application increased the soil moisture, nutrient contents, and urease and catalase activities”
t0“winter wheat growth on the Loess Plateau in China”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium or high biochar application increased urease and catalase activities in soil.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- medium or high amount of biochar (10 t ha–1 or 20 t ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- urease and catalase activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The medium or high amount of biochar (10 t ha–1 or 20 t ha−1) application increased the soil moisture, nutrient contents, and urease and catalase activities”
t0“winter wheat growth on the Loess Plateau in China”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar significantly affected the β-diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial community, including its interaction with growth stage.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- biochare1
- Interactor
- rhizosphere bacterial communitye1symbiont
- Outcome
- β-diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communitye1
- Qualifier
- interaction with different growth stagese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The β-diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial community was significantly affected by biochar and its interaction with different growth stages”
t0“winter wheat growth on the Loess Plateau in China”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomarkers enriched under biochar addition belonged to Cyanobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae and Chloroflexi.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Biomarkerse2
- Direction
- enrichede2
- Qualifier
- Cyanobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, and Chloroflexie2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Biomarkers enriched under biochar addition belonged to phyla comprising Cyanobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, and Chloroflexi”
t0“winter wheat growth on the Loess Plateau in China”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar addition significantly improved winter wheat biomass and carbon and nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Biochar additione3
- Outcome
- crop biomass, carbon and nitrogen uptakee3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Qualifier
- P < 0.05e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Biochar addition significantly (P < 0.05) improved crop biomass, carbon and nitrogen uptake”
t0“winter wheat growth on the Loess Plateau in China”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar addition increased the relative crop nitrogen and carbon uptake rates in all growth stages.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Biochar additione3
- Outcome
- relative crop nitrogen and carbon uptake rates (RNU and RCU)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- in all growth stagese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“increased the relative crop nitrogen and carbon uptake rates (RNU and RCU) in all growth stages”
e3“Biochar addition significantly (P < 0.05) improved crop biomass, carbon and nitrogen uptake”
t0“winter wheat growth on the Loess Plateau in China”
Claim · model-written summary
The medium biochar amount of 10 t/ha gave the highest crop response among the biochar doses.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- medium amount of biochar (10 t ha−1)e5
- Outcome
- highest dosee5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“with the highest dose in a medium amount of biochar (10 t ha−1)”
t0“winter wheat growth on the Loess Plateau in China”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomarkers enriched under biochar were positively correlated with relative nitrogen and carbon uptake rates.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Chloroflexales, Thermobioceraceae, and Parviterribactere6symbiont
- Outcome
- RNU and RCUe6
- Direction
- positivee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Biomarkers enriched under biochar treatments had positive correlations with RNU and RCU, such as Chloroflexales, Thermobioceraceae, and Parviterribacter”
t0“winter wheat growth on the Loess Plateau in China”
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