Abstract
Grain protein content (GPC) is an important index affecting rice quality and nutrition, and there is a large difference in the GPC among varieties. However, the differences in the grain yield, dry matter production, and nitrogen uptake and transport among varieties with a different GPC and their relationships with the GPC are still unclear. In this study, three japonica varieties with high GPC (H-GPC) and three japonica varieties with low GPC (L-GPC) were compared for their grain yield, dry matter production, and nitrogen uptake and transport, in field experiments under the same nitrogen application level in 2020 and 2021. The results showed that the grain yield of the L-GPC type was 26.87% higher in 2020, and 25.98% higher in 2021 than that of the H-GPC type at the same nitrogen rate, which might be related to the higher spikelet per panicle and larger sink capacity of the L-GPC type. Moreover, the varieties with L-GPC showed more dry matter production and total nitrogen content compared with the varieties with H-GPC at the heading stage and maturity, but the nitrogen uptake during the grain-filling period (NUP-GF) of the L-GPC varieties was lower than that of the H-GPC varieties. The leaf nitrogen translocation amount (L-NTA) of the L-GPC type was significantly higher than that of the H-GPC type. There was no significant difference in the leaf nitrogen translocation efficiency (L-NTE) between the different GPC types. The GPC was mainly determined by the amount of nitrogen available for developing the grain per unit sink capacity (NAV) and had a significant positive correlation with the NAV, indicating that sufficient NAV is necessary to obtain a high GPC. The direct restriction effect of the sink capacity on the NAV was the largest, and the leaf nitrogen content at the heading stage (LNC-H) had the largest direct promotion effect on the NAV, but the indirect restriction effect of the LNC-H on the NAV was also the strongest. The direct and indirect path coefficients of the NUP-GF to the NAV were both positive, indicating that increasing the NUP-GF can promote the improvement of the NAV.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of L-GPC rice was 26.87% higher than H-GPC rice in 2020 field experiments.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- L-GPC typee1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 26.87%e1
- Comparator
- H-GPC typee1
- Setting
- field experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Varieties”
e0“field experiments under the same nitrogen application level in 2020 and 2021”
e1“the grain yield of the L-GPC type was 26.87% higher in 2020, and 25.98% higher in 2021 than that of the H-GPC type at the same nitrogen rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of L-GPC rice was 25.98% higher than H-GPC rice in 2021 field experiments.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- L-GPC typee1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 25.98%e1
- Comparator
- H-GPC typee1
- Setting
- field experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Varieties”
e0“field experiments under the same nitrogen application level in 2020 and 2021”
e1“the grain yield of the L-GPC type was 26.87% higher in 2020, and 25.98% higher in 2021 than that of the H-GPC type at the same nitrogen rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher spikelet per panicle and larger sink capacity may underlie the higher grain yield of L-GPC rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Qualifier
- higher spikelet per panicle and larger sink capacitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Varieties”
e1“the grain yield of the L-GPC type was 26.87% higher in 2020, and 25.98% higher in 2021 than that of the H-GPC type at the same nitrogen rate”
e2“which might be related to the higher spikelet per panicle and larger sink capacity of the L-GPC type”
Claim · model-written summary
L-GPC rice varieties had more dry matter production and total nitrogen content than H-GPC varieties at heading and maturity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- varieties with L-GPCe3
- Organ / stage
- heading stage and maturitye3
- Outcome
- dry matter production and total nitrogen contente3
- Direction
- moree3
- Comparator
- varieties with H-GPCe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Varieties”
e3“the varieties with L-GPC showed more dry matter production and total nitrogen content compared with the varieties with H-GPC at the heading stage and maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen uptake during the grain-filling period was lower in L-GPC rice varieties than in H-GPC varieties.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- L-GPC varietiese4
- Organ / stage
- grain-filling periode4
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake during the grain-filling period (NUP-GF)e4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- H-GPC varietiese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Varieties”
e4“the nitrogen uptake during the grain-filling period (NUP-GF) of the L-GPC varieties was lower than that of the H-GPC varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf nitrogen translocation amount was significantly higher in L-GPC rice than in H-GPC rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- L-GPC typee5
- Outcome
- leaf nitrogen translocation amount (L-NTA)e5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- H-GPC typee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Varieties”
e5“The leaf nitrogen translocation amount (L-NTA) of the L-GPC type was significantly higher than that of the H-GPC type”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf nitrogen translocation efficiency did not differ significantly between GPC types of rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- different GPC typese6
- Outcome
- leaf nitrogen translocation efficiency (L-NTE)e6
- Direction
- no significant differencee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Varieties”
e6“There was no significant difference in the leaf nitrogen translocation efficiency (L-NTE) between the different GPC types”
Claim · model-written summary
GPC had a significant positive correlation with the amount of nitrogen available per unit sink capacity for grain development (NAV).
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- amount of nitrogen available for developing the grain per unit sink capacity (NAV)e7
- Outcome
- GPCe7
- Direction
- positivee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Varieties”
e7“The GPC was mainly determined by the amount of nitrogen available for developing the grain per unit sink capacity (NAV) and had a significant positive correlation with the NAV”
Claim · model-written summary
Sufficient NAV is necessary to obtain a high GPC in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- high GPCe1
- Qualifier
- sufficient NAV is necessarye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Varieties”
e1“indicating that sufficient NAV is necessary to obtain a high GPC”
Claim · model-written summary
Sink capacity had the largest direct restriction effect on NAV among the path variables.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- sink capacitye1
- Outcome
- direct restriction effect of the sink capacity on the NAVe1
- Direction
- largeste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Varieties”
e1“The direct restriction effect of the sink capacity on the NAV was the largest”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf nitrogen content at heading had the largest direct promotion effect on NAV.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- leaf nitrogen content at the heading stage (LNC-H)e1
- Outcome
- direct promotion effect on the NAVe1
- Direction
- largeste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Varieties”
e1“the leaf nitrogen content at the heading stage (LNC-H) had the largest direct promotion effect on the NAV”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf nitrogen content at heading had the strongest indirect restriction effect on NAV.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- LNC-He1
- Outcome
- indirect restriction effect of the LNC-H on the NAVe1
- Direction
- strongeste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Varieties”
e1“the indirect restriction effect of the LNC-H on the NAV was also the strongest”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct and indirect path coefficients of NUP-GF to NAV were both positive.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NUP-GFe1
- Outcome
- direct and indirect path coefficients of the NUP-GF to the NAVe1
- Direction
- positivee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Varieties”
e1“The direct and indirect path coefficients of the NUP-GF to the NAV were both positive”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NUP-GF may promote improvement of NAV in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- improvement of the NAVe1
- Qualifier
- increasing the NUP-GF can promotee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Varieties”
e1“indicating that increasing the NUP-GF can promote the improvement of the NAV”