Abstract
Abstract Hydroponics is one of the systems in agriculture which reinforce productivity by controlling environmental and growing conditions. In this study, we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system. Soil has rich amounts of beneficial microorganisms, supporting plant nutrition, producing phytohormones, controlling phytopathogens, and improving soil structure. However, soilless culture usually contains no beneficial microorganisms if we do not include them in the system. This study aims to evaluate the response of three bio-fertilizers where mineral fertilizers are reduced by 50%. Considering the total harvest data, bacteria, mycorrhiza, and micro-algae treatments increased basil yield compared to 50% control by about 18.94%, 13.94%, and 5.72%, respectively. The maximum total yield and leaf area were recorded using bacteria with 2744 g m −2 and 1528 cm 2 plant −1 . Plants with mycorrhiza achieved the highest number of leaves and branches, with 94.3 leaves plant −1 and 24.50 branches plant −1 , respectively. It was observed that this bio-fertilizer increased the formation of lateral branches in the basil plant without thickening its stems. In addition, bacteria and mycorrhiza induced the highest percentage of dry matter and total soluble solids. The effect of bio-fertilizers on basil leaf EC and pH was insignificant for all the treatments at different harvest periods ( p < 0.05). Using bio-fertilizers enhanced the intake of nutrients N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), K (potassium), Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium), Fe (iron), Mn (manganese), Zn (zinc), and Cu (copper). Using bio-fertilizers represents a promising and environmentally friendly approach to increasing crop yields and ameliorating quality and antioxidant compounds with fewer resources. An application of bio-fertilizers in hydroponic cultivation of basil cv. ‘Dino’ reduced the need for mineral fertilizers. At the same time, bio-fertilizers affected an increased plant yield and improved product quality. Furthermore, the bacteria had a pronounced enhancing effect on the increase of phenol and flavonoids in the leaves of basil plants.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteria bio-fertilizer increased basil yield by about 18.94% compared with the 50% mineral control in floating culture.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicume1 - Treatment
- bacteriae2
- Outcome
- basil yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 18.94%e2
- Comparator
- 50% controle2
- Setting
- floating culture systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system”
e2“Considering the total harvest data, bacteria, mycorrhiza, and micro-algae treatments increased basil yield compared to 50% control by about 18.94%, 13.94%, and 5.72%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhiza bio-fertilizer increased basil yield by about 13.94% compared with the 50% mineral control in floating culture.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizae2
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae2symbiont
- Outcome
- basil yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 13.94%e2
- Comparator
- 50% controle2
- Setting
- floating culture systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system”
e2“Considering the total harvest data, bacteria, mycorrhiza, and micro-algae treatments increased basil yield compared to 50% control by about 18.94%, 13.94%, and 5.72%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Micro-algae bio-fertilizer increased basil yield by about 5.72% compared with the 50% mineral control in floating culture.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- micro-algaee2
- Interactor
- micro-algaee2other
- Outcome
- basil yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 5.72%e2
- Comparator
- 50% controle2
- Setting
- floating culture systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system”
e2“Considering the total harvest data, bacteria, mycorrhiza, and micro-algae treatments increased basil yield compared to 50% control by about 18.94%, 13.94%, and 5.72%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteria bio-fertilizer gave the maximum total yield of basil, 2744 g m −2.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- bacteriae3
- Outcome
- total yielde3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 2744 g m −2e3
- Setting
- floating culture systeme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system”
e3“The maximum total yield and leaf area were recorded using bacteria with 2744 g m −2 and 1528 cm 2 plant −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteria bio-fertilizer gave the maximum leaf area of basil, 1528 cm 2 per plant.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- bacteriae3
- Outcome
- leaf areae3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 1528 cm 2 plant −1e3
- Setting
- floating culture systeme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system”
e3“The maximum total yield and leaf area were recorded using bacteria with 2744 g m −2 and 1528 cm 2 plant −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhiza bio-fertilizer gave the highest number of leaves per basil plant, 94.3.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizae4
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae4symbiont
- Outcome
- number of leavese4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 94.3 leaves plant −1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system”
e4“Plants with mycorrhiza achieved the highest number of leaves and branches, with 94.3 leaves plant −1 and 24.50 branches plant −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhiza bio-fertilizer gave the highest number of branches per basil plant, 24.50.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizae4
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae4symbiont
- Outcome
- branchese4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 24.50 branches plant −1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system”
e4“Plants with mycorrhiza achieved the highest number of leaves and branches, with 94.3 leaves plant −1 and 24.50 branches plant −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhiza bio-fertilizer increased lateral branch formation in basil without thickening the stems.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume5
- Treatment
- mycorrhizae4
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae4symbiont
- Outcome
- formation of lateral branchese5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- without thickening its stemse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Plants with mycorrhiza achieved the highest number of leaves and branches, with 94.3 leaves plant −1 and 24.50 branches plant −1”
e5“It was observed that this bio-fertilizer increased the formation of lateral branches in the basil plant without thickening its stems”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteria and mycorrhiza bio-fertilizers gave the highest percentage of basil dry matter and total soluble solids.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- bacteria and mycorrhizae6
- Second interactor
- mycorrhizae6symbiont
- Outcome
- percentage of dry matter and total soluble solidse6
- Direction
- higheste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“In addition, bacteria and mycorrhiza induced the highest percentage of dry matter and total soluble solids”
e1“we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizers had no significant effect on basil leaf EC and pH at different harvest periods.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume7
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizerse7
- Outcome
- basil leaf EC and pHe7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Qualifier
- at different harvest periodse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The effect of bio-fertilizers on basil leaf EC and pH was insignificant for all the treatments at different harvest periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizers enhanced the intake of nutrients N, P and K in basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- intake of nutrients N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), K (potassium)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using bio-fertilizers enhanced the intake of nutrients N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), K (potassium), Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium), Fe (iron), Mn (manganese), Zn (zinc), and Cu (copper)”
e1“we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizers enhanced the intake of nutrients Ca, Mg and Fe in basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium), Fe (iron)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using bio-fertilizers enhanced the intake of nutrients N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), K (potassium), Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium), Fe (iron), Mn (manganese), Zn (zinc), and Cu (copper)”
e1“we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizers enhanced the intake of nutrients Mn, Zn and Cu in basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Mn (manganese), Zn (zinc), and Cu (copper)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using bio-fertilizers enhanced the intake of nutrients N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), K (potassium), Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium), Fe (iron), Mn (manganese), Zn (zinc), and Cu (copper)”
e1“we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizers reduced the need for mineral fertilizers in hydroponic basil cultivation.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- need for mineral fertilizerse6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Setting
- hydroponic cultivatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An application of bio-fertilizers in hydroponic cultivation of basil”
e6“reduced the need for mineral fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizers increased basil plant yield.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- plant yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-fertilizers affected an increased plant yield and improved product quality”
e1“we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizers improved basil product quality.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- product qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-fertilizers affected an increased plant yield and improved product quality”
e1“we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizers are a promising and environmentally friendly approach to increasing basil crop yields and improving quality and antioxidant compounds with fewer resources.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicume1
- Outcome
- increasing crop yields and ameliorating quality and antioxidant compoundse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Using bio-fertilizers represents a promising and environmentally friendly approach to increasing crop yields and ameliorating quality and antioxidant compounds with fewer resources”
e1“we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteria bio-fertilizer increased phenol and flavonoid content in basil leaves.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume6
- Organ / stage
- leavese6
- Treatment
- bacteriae6
- Outcome
- phenol and flavonoidse6
- Direction
- increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the bacteria had a pronounced enhancing effect on the increase of phenol and flavonoids in the leaves of basil plants”
e1“we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality ( Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system”
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