Abstract
High-value vegetable production under open field in northeast India's hilly ecosystem often suffers from abiotic and biotic stresses (low temperature, soil acidity and moisture deficit during winter, and infestation of pests-diseases during humid summer). Protected cultivation with soil ameliorative measures may help in overcoming these limitations while sustaining year-round production. An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Experimental Farm, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Meghalaya for three consecutive years (2016–18) to study the yield performance of 4 high-value vegetables (tomato, capsicum, king-chilli and cucumber) grown under naturally ventilated polyhouse in the strong acid soils (pH<4.80) of mid-altitude (960 m amsl) sub-tropical hilly ecosystem of northeast India. Crops were grown with three ameliorative measures (liming @2.5 q/ha, black polythene mulching, and both) and yields were compared with control (without liming and mulching). Liming increased soil pH by 0.39–0.5 units, available phosphorus by 3.8–4.6 kg/ha and bases (calcium and magnesium) by 1.0–1.2 meq/100 g soil. On black polythene mulching, temperature (air and soil) increased by 5.5–8.7°C and 3.9–5.8°C, respectively, during extremely cold periods (December–February). Soil moisture retention was 3.8–5.2% higher over control plots. Ameliorative measures (liming or mulching) increased tomato yields by 15.0–28.5%, capsicum by 21.1–59.9% and king-chilli by 5.76–24.5% while cucumber yield in mulched plot increased 2-fold over respective control plots. The yields of all the vegetables further increased on the combined application of lime and mulch together. Findings suggest ameliorative measures promises better productivity of vegetables under controlled environment.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Liming increased soil pH by 0.39–0.5 units.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Liminge0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.39–0.5 unitse0
- Comparator
- control (without liming and mulching)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liming increased soil pH by 0.39–0.5 units”
t0“4 high-value vegetables (tomato, capsicum, king-chilli and cucumber)”
e1“yields were compared with control (without liming and mulching)”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming increased available phosphorus by 3.8–4.6 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Liminge1
- Outcome
- available phosphoruse0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 3.8–4.6 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- control (without liming and mulching)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“available phosphorus by 3.8–4.6 kg/ha”
t0“4 high-value vegetables (tomato, capsicum, king-chilli and cucumber)”
e1“Liming increased soil pH”
e2“yields were compared with control (without liming and mulching)”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming increased soil calcium and magnesium bases by 1.0–1.2 meq/100 g soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Liminge1
- Outcome
- bases (calcium and magnesium)e0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 1.0–1.2 meq/100 g soile0
- Comparator
- control (without liming and mulching)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bases (calcium and magnesium) by 1.0–1.2 meq/100 g soil”
t0“4 high-value vegetables (tomato, capsicum, king-chilli and cucumber)”
e1“Liming increased soil pH”
e2“yields were compared with control (without liming and mulching)”
Claim · model-written summary
Black polythene mulch increased air temperature by 5.5–8.7°C during December–February.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- black polythene mulchinge0
- Outcome
- temperature (aire0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.5–8.7°Ce0
- Qualifier
- December–Februarye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On black polythene mulching, temperature (air and soil) increased by 5.5–8.7°C and 3.9–5.8°C, respectively, during extremely cold periods (December–February)”
t0“4 high-value vegetables (tomato, capsicum, king-chilli and cucumber)”
Claim · model-written summary
Black polythene mulch increased soil temperature by 3.9–5.8°C during December–February.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- black polythene mulchinge0
- Outcome
- soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.9–5.8°Ce0
- Qualifier
- December–Februarye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On black polythene mulching, temperature (air and soil) increased by 5.5–8.7°C and 3.9–5.8°C, respectively, during extremely cold periods (December–February)”
t0“4 high-value vegetables (tomato, capsicum, king-chilli and cucumber)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased soil moisture retention by 3.8–5.2% over controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- black polythene mulchinge1
- Outcome
- Soil moisture retentione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.8–5.2%e0
- Comparator
- control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil moisture retention was 3.8–5.2% higher over control plots”
t0“4 high-value vegetables (tomato, capsicum, king-chilli and cucumber)”
e1“On black polythene mulching, temperature (air and soil) increased by 5.5–8.7°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming or mulching raised tomato yield by 15.0–28.5%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- liming or mulchinge0
- Outcome
- tomato yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.0–28.5%e0
- Comparator
- control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ameliorative measures (liming or mulching) increased tomato yields by 15.0–28.5%”
e1“Soil moisture retention was 3.8–5.2% higher over control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming or mulching raised capsicum yield by 21.1–59.9%.
- Treatment
- liming or mulchinge1
- Outcome
- capsicume0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 21.1–59.9%e0
- Comparator
- control plotse2
CapsicumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“capsicum by 21.1–59.9%”
e1“Ameliorative measures (liming or mulching) increased tomato yields”
e2“Soil moisture retention was 3.8–5.2% higher over control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming or mulching raised king-chilli yield by 5.76–24.5%.
Verbatim
e0“king-chilli by 5.76–24.5%”
e1“Ameliorative measures (liming or mulching) increased tomato yields”
e2“Soil moisture retention was 3.8–5.2% higher over control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching doubled cucumber yield relative to control plots.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- mulched plote0
- Outcome
- cucumber yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2-folde0
- Comparator
- respective control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cucumber yield in mulched plot increased 2-fold over respective control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined lime and mulch increased yields of all four vegetables further.
- Taxon
- tomato, capsicum, king-chilli and cucumbere1
- Treatment
- combined application of lime and mulch togethere0
- Outcome
- yields of all the vegetablese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The yields of all the vegetables further increased on the combined application of lime and mulch together”
e1“tomato, capsicum, king-chilli and cucumber”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.