Abstract
Globally, root rot disease of tomato plants caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a severe disease leading to the death of infected plants. The effect of some commercial antiseptics and disinfectant agents, such as chloroxylenol (10%), phenic (10%) and formulated phenol (7%) on the control of root rot pathogen and its impact on growth and chemical constituents of tomato seedlings cv. Castle Rock were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The antifungal activity was measured in vitro following the poisoned food technique at different concentrations of 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 µL/L. Disinfectant agents and atrio (80%) were tested in vivo by soaking 20-day-old tomato seedlings in four concentrations of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 µL/100 mL water for 5 min and thereafter planting in soil infested by S. rolfsii. Fresh and dry weight, shoot and root length, and chemical constituents of tomato seedlings infected by S. rolfsii were investigated at 35 days after planting (DAP). Experimental results indicated that chloroxylenol (10%) was the most effective on fungus in vitro, recorded an effective concentration (EC50 = 1347.74 µL/L) followed by phenic (10%) (EC50 = 1370.52 µL/L) and formulated phenol (7%) (EC50 = 1553.59 µL/L). In vivo, atrio (80%) and disinfectant agents at different concentrations significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced disease incidence, increased shoot and root lengths and increased dry and fresh weight. Additionally, it significantly increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids, total carbohydrates, total proteins, and total phenols. The highest reduction of root rot incidence and increase tomato growth parameters, as well as chemical compositions, were recorded on tomato seedlings treated with atrio (80%) as well as formulated phenol (7%) at different concentrations, followed by chloroxylenol (10%) at 125 and 250 µL/100 mL, whereas phenic (10%) was found to be the least effective treatment. Therefore, the application of formulated phenol (7%) could be commercially used to control tomato root rot diseases and increase the quality and quantity of tomato plants since it is promising against the pathogen, safe, and less expensive than fungicides.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroxylenol (10%) was the most effective disinfectant against Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro, with an EC50 of 1347.74 µL/L.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- chloroxylenol (10%)e1
- Interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsii
Agroathelia rolfsiie0pathogen - Outcome
- effective concentratione1
- Value
- 1347.74 µL/Le1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infected Tomato Plant”
e0“root rot disease of tomato plants caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a severe disease”
e1“chloroxylenol (10%) was the most effective on fungus in vitro, recorded an effective concentration (EC50 = 1347.74 µL/L) followed by phenic (10%) (EC50 = 1370.52 µL/L) and formulated phenol (7%) (EC50 = 1553.59 µL/L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenic (10%) had an EC50 of 1370.52 µL/L against Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- phenic (10%)e1
- Interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- effective concentratione1
- Value
- 1370.52 µL/Le1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infected Tomato Plant”
e0“root rot disease of tomato plants caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a severe disease”
e1“chloroxylenol (10%) was the most effective on fungus in vitro, recorded an effective concentration (EC50 = 1347.74 µL/L) followed by phenic (10%) (EC50 = 1370.52 µL/L) and formulated phenol (7%) (EC50 = 1553.59 µL/L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Formulated phenol (7%) had an EC50 of 1553.59 µL/L against Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- formulated phenol (7%)e1
- Interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- effective concentratione1
- Value
- 1553.59 µL/Le1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infected Tomato Plant”
e0“root rot disease of tomato plants caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a severe disease”
e1“chloroxylenol (10%) was the most effective on fungus in vitro, recorded an effective concentration (EC50 = 1347.74 µL/L) followed by phenic (10%) (EC50 = 1370.52 µL/L) and formulated phenol (7%) (EC50 = 1553.59 µL/L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrio (80%) and the disinfectant agents at different concentrations significantly reduced root rot disease incidence in vivo.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- atrio (80%) and disinfectant agentse2
- Interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Setting
- In vivoe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infected Tomato Plant”
e0“root rot disease of tomato plants caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a severe disease”
e2“In vivo, atrio (80%) and disinfectant agents at different concentrations significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced disease incidence, increased shoot and root lengths and increased dry and fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrio (80%) and the disinfectant agents increased shoot and root lengths of tomato seedlings in vivo.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- atrio (80%) and disinfectant agentse2
- Outcome
- shoot and root lengthse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Setting
- In vivoe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infected Tomato Plant”
e2“In vivo, atrio (80%) and disinfectant agents at different concentrations significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced disease incidence, increased shoot and root lengths and increased dry and fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrio (80%) and the disinfectant agents increased dry and fresh weight of tomato seedlings in vivo.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- atrio (80%) and disinfectant agentse2
- Outcome
- dry and fresh weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Setting
- In vivoe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infected Tomato Plant”
e2“In vivo, atrio (80%) and disinfectant agents at different concentrations significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced disease incidence, increased shoot and root lengths and increased dry and fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrio (80%) and the disinfectant agents significantly increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoids in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- atrio (80%) and disinfectant agentse2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoidse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infected Tomato Plant”
e2“In vivo, atrio (80%) and disinfectant agents at different concentrations significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced disease incidence, increased shoot and root lengths and increased dry and fresh weight”
e3“Additionally, it significantly increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids, total carbohydrates, total proteins, and total phenols”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrio (80%) and the disinfectant agents significantly increased total carbohydrates, total proteins and total phenols in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- atrio (80%) and disinfectant agentse2
- Outcome
- total carbohydrates, total proteins, and total phenolse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infected Tomato Plant”
e2“In vivo, atrio (80%) and disinfectant agents at different concentrations significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced disease incidence, increased shoot and root lengths and increased dry and fresh weight”
e3“Additionally, it significantly increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids, total carbohydrates, total proteins, and total phenols”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrio (80%) and formulated phenol (7%) at different concentrations gave the highest reduction of root rot incidence on tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- atrio (80%) as well as formulated phenol (7%)e4
- Interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- root rot incidencee4
- Direction
- highest reductione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infected Tomato Plant”
e0“root rot disease of tomato plants caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a severe disease”
e4“The highest reduction of root rot incidence and increase tomato growth parameters, as well as chemical compositions, were recorded on tomato seedlings treated with atrio (80%) as well as formulated phenol (7%) at different concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrio (80%) and formulated phenol (7%) at different concentrations increased tomato growth parameters and chemical compositions.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- atrio (80%) as well as formulated phenol (7%)e4
- Outcome
- tomato growth parameters, as well as chemical compositionse4
- Direction
- increasee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infected Tomato Plant”
e4“The highest reduction of root rot incidence and increase tomato growth parameters, as well as chemical compositions, were recorded on tomato seedlings treated with atrio (80%) as well as formulated phenol (7%) at different concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenic (10%) was the least effective of the tested disinfectants against root rot of tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- phenic (10%)e5
- Outcome
- least effective treatmente5
- Direction
- least effectivee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infected Tomato Plant”
e5“whereas phenic (10%) was found to be the least effective treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend that formulated phenol (7%) could be used commercially to control tomato root rot.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- formulated phenol (7%)e6
- Outcome
- control tomato root rot diseasese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infected Tomato Plant”
e6“the application of formulated phenol (7%) could be commercially used to control tomato root rot diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors state that formulated phenol (7%) is promising against the pathogen, safe, and less expensive than fungicides.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- formulated phenol (7%)e6
- Outcome
- promising against the pathogen, safe, and less expensive than fungicidese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Infected Tomato Plant”
e6“the application of formulated phenol (7%) could be commercially used to control tomato root rot diseases”
e7“since it is promising against the pathogen, safe, and less expensive than fungicides”
The same questions in other papers
disinfectant · quality: sugar starch · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
disinfectant · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.