Abstract
Polyscias guilfoylei is a shrub that is known as a medicinal plant whose leaf extracts contain active compounds, such as saponins. Objectives: To determine the active compounds and biological activities of P. guilfoylei leaf extracts against Zeugodacus cucurbitae. Materials & Methods: The research was conducted in the Plant Pest Laboratory using a randomized block design arranged in a factorial manner. The solvents used were ethanol and n-hexane at concentrations of 0%, 1.25%, 2.50% and 5.00%. All treatments were replicated four times. The parameters observed were: active compound content, larval feeding and growth activities. Results: Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography indicated that the ethanol P. guilfoylei leaf extracts contained phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins, while the n-hexane P. guilfoylei leaf extracts contained terpenoids, steroids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. Application of 5.00% ethanol or n-hexane P. guilfoylei leaf extracts caused lower values for feeding activity and the feeding deterrent index. In addition, the extracts affected larval and pupal periods, the number of larvae reaching pupation and the pupal weight of Z. cucurbitae. Application of higher concentrations of extracts resulted in longer larval and pupal periods, a reduced pupal weight and fewer larvae reaching the pupal stage. Main finding: The active compounds in P. guilfoylei leaf extracts were phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. Application of leaf extract at up to 5.00% could deter larval feeding and the growth activities of Z. cucurbitae.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol leaf extracts of P. guilfoylei contained phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins.
- Taxon
- P. guilfoylei
Polyscias guilfoyleie2 - Organ / stage
- leafe2
- Outcome
- phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponinse2
- Qualifier
- Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatographye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography indicated that the ethanol P. guilfoylei leaf extracts contained phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins”
Claim · model-written summary
N-hexane leaf extracts of P. guilfoylei contained terpenoids, steroids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins.
- Taxon
- P. guilfoyleiPolyscias guilfoyleie3
- Organ / stage
- leafe3
- Outcome
- terpenoids, steroids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponinse3
- Qualifier
- n-hexanee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“while the n-hexane P. guilfoylei leaf extracts contained terpenoids, steroids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol or n-hexane leaf extracts at 5.00% lowered feeding activity and the feeding deterrent index of Zeugodacus cucurbitae larvae compared with 0%.
- Taxon
- P. guilfoyleiPolyscias guilfoyleie4
- Treatment
- 5.00% ethanol or n-hexane P. guilfoylei leaf extractse4
- Interactor
- Zeugodacus cucurbitae
_03.jpg?width=60)
Zeugodacus cucurbitaee0pest - Outcome
- feeding activity and the feeding deterrent indexe4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- 0%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_03.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Objectives: To determine the active compounds and biological activities of P. guilfoylei leaf extracts against Zeugodacus cucurbitae”
e1“The solvents used were ethanol and n-hexane at concentrations of 0%, 1.25%, 2.50% and 5.00%”
e4“Application of 5.00% ethanol or n-hexane P. guilfoylei leaf extracts caused lower values for feeding activity and the feeding deterrent index”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher concentrations of P. guilfoylei extracts lengthened the larval and pupal periods of Zeugodacus cucurbitae.
- Taxon
- P. guilfoyleiPolyscias guilfoyleie0
- Treatment
- higher concentrations of extractse5
- Interactor
- Zeugodacus cucurbitaeZeugodacus cucurbitaee0pest
- Outcome
- larval and pupal periodse5
- Direction
- longere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Objectives: To determine the active compounds and biological activities of P. guilfoylei leaf extracts against Zeugodacus cucurbitae”
e5“Application of higher concentrations of extracts resulted in longer larval and pupal periods, a reduced pupal weight and fewer larvae reaching the pupal stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher concentrations of P. guilfoylei extracts reduced the pupal weight of Zeugodacus cucurbitae.
- Taxon
- P. guilfoyleiPolyscias guilfoyleie0
- Treatment
- higher concentrations of extractse5
- Interactor
- Zeugodacus cucurbitaeZeugodacus cucurbitaee0pest
- Outcome
- pupal weighte5
- Direction
- reducede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Objectives: To determine the active compounds and biological activities of P. guilfoylei leaf extracts against Zeugodacus cucurbitae”
e5“Application of higher concentrations of extracts resulted in longer larval and pupal periods, a reduced pupal weight and fewer larvae reaching the pupal stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher concentrations of P. guilfoylei extracts reduced the number of Zeugodacus cucurbitae larvae reaching the pupal stage.
- Taxon
- P. guilfoyleiPolyscias guilfoyleie0
- Treatment
- higher concentrations of extractse5
- Interactor
- Zeugodacus cucurbitaeZeugodacus cucurbitaee0pest
- Outcome
- larvae reaching the pupal stagee5
- Direction
- fewere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Objectives: To determine the active compounds and biological activities of P. guilfoylei leaf extracts against Zeugodacus cucurbitae”
e5“Application of higher concentrations of extracts resulted in longer larval and pupal periods, a reduced pupal weight and fewer larvae reaching the pupal stage”
The same questions in other papers
ethanol · Zeugodacus cucurbitae · Polyscias guilfoyleiResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
hexane · Zeugodacus cucurbitae · Polyscias guilfoyleiResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
botanical · Zeugodacus cucurbitae · Polyscias guilfoyleiResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.