Abstract
Abstract The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia has a lack of climate adapted modern cultivars. The Latvian apple breeding programme is targeted at cultivars adapted to the cool climate of Baltic countries and Scandinavia, with fruit quality and storage suitable for commercial production. Since 1989, scab resistance ( Rvi6 , Rvi5 ) donors are included in crosses. Several cultivars already show commercial promise — ‘Dace’, ‘Gita’, ’Monta’ ( Rvi6 ) and the polygenic resistant ‘Laila’ and ‘Pure Ametist’. However, in 2020, the Rvi6 resistance was overcome in Latvia. Donors of polygenic scab tolerance may prove a better alternative. The most successful donors have been ‘Iedzēnu’, ‘Eksotika’, ‘Alesya’, and ‘Bohemia’. Marker assisted gene pyramiding was started, including markers linked to the resistance genes Rvi5 and Rvi6 . Scab resistant cultivars ‘Edite’, ‘Felicita’, ‘Ligita’, and ‘Paulis’ show low susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima canker. To achieve high fruit quality and good storage, worldwide commercial cultivars are crossed with local adapted cultivars. Such crosses that have been registered include ‘Inta’, ‘Lora’, and ‘Saulesmeita’. Recent crosses for quality include ‘Honeycrisp’, where H-1-07-36 and H-1-07-42 show most promise. Improved biochemical content and flesh structure is one of the main targets. An additional line of breeding is aimed at ornamental and cider apples. The scab resistant Nr.19-97-154 (Cidross) was selected for cider. The red leaf columnar apple ‘Karlens’ and the compact red-leaf crab ‘Auce’ have been registered.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Rvi6 scab resistance was overcome in Latvia in 2020.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Gene
- Rvi6e1
- Outcome
- Rvi6 resistancee1
- Setting
- Latviae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia”
e1“However, in 2020, the Rvi6 resistance was overcome in Latvia”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars Edite, Felicita and Ligita show low susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima canker.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Edite’, ‘Felicita’, ‘Ligita’e2
- Interactor
- Neonectria ditissima
Neonectria ditissimae2pathogen - Outcome
- low susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima cankere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia”
e2“Scab resistant cultivars ‘Edite’, ‘Felicita’, ‘Ligita’, and ‘Paulis’ show low susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima canker”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar Paulis shows low susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima canker.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Paulis’e2
- Interactor
- Neonectria ditissimaNeonectria ditissimae2pathogen
- Outcome
- low susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima cankere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia”
e2“Scab resistant cultivars ‘Edite’, ‘Felicita’, ‘Ligita’, and ‘Paulis’ show low susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima canker”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars Dace, Gita and Monta show commercial promise; Monta carries Rvi6.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Dace’, ‘Gita’, ’Monta’e3
- Gene
- Rvi6e3
- Outcome
- commercial promisee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia”
e3“Several cultivars already show commercial promise — ‘Dace’, ‘Gita’, ’Monta’ ( Rvi6 ) and the polygenic resistant ‘Laila’ and ‘Pure Ametist’”
Claim · model-written summary
Polygenic resistant cultivars Laila and Pure Ametist show commercial promise.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Laila’ and ‘Pure Ametist’e3
- Outcome
- commercial promisee3
- Qualifier
- polygenic resistante3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia”
e3“Several cultivars already show commercial promise — ‘Dace’, ‘Gita’, ’Monta’ ( Rvi6 ) and the polygenic resistant ‘Laila’ and ‘Pure Ametist’”
Claim · model-written summary
Crosses H-1-07-36 and H-1-07-42 show the most promise among recent quality crosses with Honeycrisp.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- H-1-07-36 and H-1-07-42e5
- Treatment
- Honeycrispe5
- Outcome
- show most promisee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia”
e5“Recent crosses for quality include ‘Honeycrisp’, where H-1-07-36 and H-1-07-42 show most promise”
Claim · model-written summary
Scab resistant selection Nr.19-97-154 (Cidross) was selected for cider.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Nr.19-97-154 (Cidross)e6
- Outcome
- selected for cidere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia”
e6“The scab resistant Nr.19-97-154 (Cidross) was selected for cider”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars Karlens and Auce have been registered.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Karlens’ and the compact red-leaf crab ‘Auce’e7
- Outcome
- have been registerede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia”
e7“The red leaf columnar apple ‘Karlens’ and the compact red-leaf crab ‘Auce’ have been registered”
Claim · model-written summary
Crosses Inta, Lora and Saulesmeita have been registered.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Inta’, ‘Lora’, and ‘Saulesmeita’e4
- Outcome
- have been registerede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia”
e4“Such crosses that have been registered include ‘Inta’, ‘Lora’, and ‘Saulesmeita’”
Claim · model-written summary
Marker assisted gene pyramiding was started with markers linked to Rvi5 and Rvi6.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Gene
- Rvi5 and Rvi6e4
- Outcome
- Marker assisted gene pyramidinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia”
e4“Marker assisted gene pyramiding was started, including markers linked to the resistance genes Rvi5 and Rvi6”
Claim · model-written summary
Iedzēnu, Eksotika and Alesya are among the most successful donors of polygenic scab tolerance.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Iedzēnu’, ‘Eksotika’, ‘Alesya’e4
- Outcome
- The most successful donorse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia”
e4“The most successful donors have been ‘Iedzēnu’, ‘Eksotika’, ‘Alesya’, and ‘Bohemia’”
Claim · model-written summary
Bohemia is among the most successful donors of polygenic scab tolerance.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Bohemia’e4
- Outcome
- The most successful donorse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia”
e4“The most successful donors have been ‘Iedzēnu’, ‘Eksotika’, ‘Alesya’, and ‘Bohemia’”
Claim · model-written summary
Donors of polygenic scab tolerance may be a better alternative to Rvi6 donors.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- better alternativee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia”
e1“Donors of polygenic scab tolerance may prove a better alternative”