Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme heat events that aggravate its negative impact on plant development and agricultural yield. Most experiments designed to study plant adaption to heat stress apply homogeneous high temperatures to both shoot and root. However, this treatment does not mimic the conditions in natural fields, where roots grow in a dark environment with a descending temperature gradient. Excessively high temperatures severely decrease cell division in the root meristem, compromising root growth, while increasing the division of quiescent center cells, likely in an attempt to maintain the stem cell niche under such harsh conditions. Here, we engineered the TGRooZ, a device that generates a temperature gradient for in vitro or greenhouse growth assays. The root systems of plants exposed to high shoot temperatures but cultivated in the TGRooZ grow efficiently and maintain their functionality to sustain proper shoot growth and development. Furthermore, gene expression and rhizosphere or root microbiome composition are significantly less affected in TGRooZ-grown roots than in high-temperature-grown roots, correlating with higher root functionality. Our data indicate that use of the TGRooZ in heat-stress studies can improve our knowledge of plant response to high temperatures, demonstrating its applicability from laboratory studies to the field.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
The authors engineered TGRooZ, a device that generates a temperature gradient for in vitro or greenhouse growth assays, unlike homogeneous high temperatures applied to shoot and root.
Verbatim
e1“we engineered the TGRooZ, a device that generates a temperature gradient for in vitro or greenhouse growth assays”
e2“apply homogeneous high temperatures to both shoot and root”
Claim · model-written summary
Root systems of plants exposed to high shoot temperatures but grown in the TGRooZ grew efficiently and kept their functionality to sustain shoot growth and development.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Treatment
- cultivated in the TGRooZe1
- Outcome
- grow efficiently and maintain their functionalitye1
- Setting
- high shoot temperaturese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“The root systems of plants exposed to high shoot temperatures but cultivated in the TGRooZ grow efficiently and maintain their functionality to sustain proper shoot growth and development”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene expression was significantly less affected in TGRooZ-grown roots than in high-temperature-grown roots.
- Treatment
- TGRooZ-grown rootse1
- Outcome
- gene expressione1
- Direction
- less affectede1
- Comparator
- high-temperature-grown rootse1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“gene expression and rhizosphere or root microbiome composition are significantly less affected in TGRooZ-grown roots than in high-temperature-grown roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere or root microbiome composition was significantly less affected in TGRooZ-grown roots than in high-temperature-grown roots.
- Treatment
- TGRooZ-grown rootse1
- Outcome
- rhizosphere or root microbiome compositione1
- Direction
- less affectede1
- Comparator
- high-temperature-grown rootse1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“gene expression and rhizosphere or root microbiome composition are significantly less affected in TGRooZ-grown roots than in high-temperature-grown roots”