Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca, a perennial herb of G.elata Bl. in Orchidaceae, is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines. G. elata Bl. is a chlorophyll-free myco-heterotrophic plant, which must rely on the symbiotic growth of Armillaria, but not all Armillaria strains can play the symbiotic role. Additionally, Armillaria is easy to degenerate after multiple generations, and the compatibility between the strains from other areas and G. elata Bl. f. glauca in Changbai Mountain is unstable. Therefore, it is incredibly significant to isolate, identify and screen the symbiotic Armillaria suitable for the growth of G. elata Bl. f. glauca in Changbai Mountain, and to explore the mechanism by which Armillaria improves the production performance of G. elata Bl. f. glauca. RESULTS: Firstly, G. elata Bl. f. glauca tubers, and rhizomorphs and fruiting bodies of Armillaria were used for the isolation and identification of Armillaria. Five Armillaria isolates were obtained in our laboratory and named: JMG, JMA, JMB, JMC and JMD. Secondly, Armillaria was selected based on the yield and the effective component content of G. elata Bl. f. glauca. It was concluded that the yield and quality of G. elata Bl. f. glauca co-planted with JMG is the highest. Finally, the mechanism of its high quality and yield was explored by investigating the effects of different Armillaria strains on the soil, its nutrition element contents and the soil microbial diversity around G. elata Bl. f. glauca in Changbai Mountain. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with commercial strains, JMG significantly increased the content of Na, Al, Si, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb and the absorption of C, Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Cu, Zn and Rb in G. elata Bl. f. glauca; it improved the composition, diversity and metabolic functions of soil microbial communities around G. elata Bl. f. glauca at phylum, class and genus levels; it markedly increased the relative abundance of bacteria such as Chthoniobacter and Armillaria in the dominant populations, and enhanced such functions as Cell motility, amino acid metabolism and Lipid metabolism; it dramatically decreased the relative abundance of Bryobacter and other fungi in the dominant populations, and reduced such functions as microbial energy metabolism, translation and carbohydrate metabolism. This is the main reason why excellent Armillaria strains promote the high quality and yield of G. elata Bl. f. glauca in Changbai Mountain.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Five Armillaria isolates were obtained.
- Taxon
- Armillaria
Armillariae0 - Outcome
- Armillaria isolatese0
- Value
- Fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five Armillaria isolates were obtained in our laboratory and named: JMG, JMA, JMB, JMC and JMD”
Claim · model-written summary
Gastrodia co-planted with JMG had the highest yield and quality.
- Taxon
- G. elata Bl. f. glauca
Gastrodia elata f. glaucae0 - Treatment
- co-planted with JMGe0
- Interactor
- JMGe0symbiont
- Outcome
- yield and qualitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield and quality of G. elata Bl. f. glauca co-planted with JMG is the highest”
Claim · model-written summary
JMG significantly increased eight element contents in Gastrodia relative to commercial strains.
- Taxon
- Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glaucaGastrodia elata f. glaucat0
- Treatment
- JMGe0
- Interactor
- JMGe0symbiont
- Outcome
- content of Na, Al, Si, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rbe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- commercial strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with commercial strains, JMG significantly increased the content of Na, Al, Si, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb”
t0“Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca”
Claim · model-written summary
JMG increased absorption of C, Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Cu, Zn and Rb.
- Taxon
- G. elata Bl. f. glaucaGastrodia elata f. glaucae0
- Outcome
- absorption of C, Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Cu, Zn and Rbe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the absorption of C, Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Cu, Zn and Rb in G. elata Bl. f. glauca”
Claim · model-written summary
JMG improved the composition, diversity and metabolic functions of surrounding soil microbial communities.
- Taxon
- G. elata Bl. f. glaucaGastrodia elata f. glaucae0
- Outcome
- composition, diversity and metabolic functions of soil microbial communitiese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it improved the composition, diversity and metabolic functions of soil microbial communities around G. elata Bl. f. glauca at phylum, class and genus levels”
Claim · model-written summary
JMG increased the relative abundance of Chthoniobacter and Armillaria.
- Taxon
- Chthoniobacter and ArmillariaArmillariaChthoniobactere0
- Outcome
- relative abundancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it markedly increased the relative abundance of bacteria such as Chthoniobacter and Armillaria in the dominant populations”
Claim · model-written summary
JMG enhanced cell motility, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism functions.
- Taxon
- Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glaucaGastrodia elata f. glaucat0
- Outcome
- Cell motility, amino acid metabolism and Lipid metabolisme0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced such functions as Cell motility, amino acid metabolism and Lipid metabolism”
t0“Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca”
Claim · model-written summary
JMG decreased the relative abundance of Bryobacter and other fungi.
- Taxon
- BryobacterBryobactere0
- Outcome
- relative abundancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Verbatim
e0“it dramatically decreased the relative abundance of Bryobacter and other fungi in the dominant populations”
Claim · model-written summary
JMG reduced microbial energy metabolism, translation and carbohydrate metabolism functions.
- Taxon
- Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glaucaGastrodia elata f. glaucat0
- Outcome
- microbial energy metabolism, translation and carbohydrate metabolisme0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced such functions as microbial energy metabolism, translation and carbohydrate metabolism”
t0“Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed improved Gastrodia yield and quality to Armillaria-associated changes.
- Taxon
- G. elata Bl. f. glaucaGastrodia elata f. glaucae0
- Interactor
- ArmillariaArmillariae0symbiont
- Outcome
- high quality and yielde0
- Qualifier
- main reasone0
- Setting
- Changbai Mountaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This is the main reason why excellent Armillaria strains promote the high quality and yield of G. elata Bl. f. glauca in Changbai Mountain”