Abstract
Evaluation of the manifestation of Scots pine trees reaction to the weakening effect of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. is relevant from the perspective of the potential opportunities for further natural regeneration of the forest. The main reason for the decrease in the biological stability of the pine plantation was the development of the root sponge focus. Over the three-year period 2017-2019 the weighted average tree health category in the sample area increased from 2.21 to 2.52. The morphometric parameters of cones turned out to be more stable in the female generative sphere. Greater variability was noted for full-grain seed yield and the number of sterile apex scales. Relatively high preservation of seed ovules was found in the first and second vegetative periods of development within the boundaries of average values. For trees of different status categories during the whole period of observations it was 70.60-81.77 and 79.07-88.35% respectively, which indicated sufficient quality of pollination and marked compatibility of male and female genotypes against the background of reduced viability of mother trees. Embryo survival in the experiment reached 63.44-81.48%. The sensitivity of the generative sphere of Scots pine to the stress caused by the development of the disease has been proved. A significant decrease in the average length and diameter of mature cones and a relative increase in female reproduction rates were confirmed with the weakening and dying out of pine trees infected with root sponge. The possibility of identifying separate periods of preservation of ovules during gametophytic and embryonic cycles and the annual regularity of seed production allow us to recommend Scots pine for monitoring the state of the female generative sphere and assess the potential of the species to survive the action of aggressive stressors, such as Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The weighted average tree health category of Scots pine in the sample area increased from 2.21 to 2.52 over 2017-2019.
- Taxon
- Scots pine
Pinus sylvestrise0 - Outcome
- weighted average tree health categorye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 2.21 to 2.52e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Evaluation of the manifestation of Scots pine trees reaction to the weakening effect of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref”
e1“Over the three-year period 2017-2019 the weighted average tree health category in the sample area increased from 2.21 to 2.52. The morphometric parameters of cones turned out to be more stable in the female generative sphere. Greater variability was noted for full-grain seed yield and the number of sterile apex scales”
Claim · model-written summary
Morphometric parameters of cones were more stable than other traits in the female generative sphere.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Organ / stage
- conese1
- Outcome
- morphometric parameters of conese1
- Direction
- more stablee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Evaluation of the manifestation of Scots pine trees reaction to the weakening effect of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref”
e1“Over the three-year period 2017-2019 the weighted average tree health category in the sample area increased from 2.21 to 2.52. The morphometric parameters of cones turned out to be more stable in the female generative sphere. Greater variability was noted for full-grain seed yield and the number of sterile apex scales”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater variability was noted for full-grain seed yield and the number of sterile apex scales.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Outcome
- full-grain seed yield and the number of sterile apex scalese1
- Direction
- Greater variabilitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Evaluation of the manifestation of Scots pine trees reaction to the weakening effect of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref”
e1“Over the three-year period 2017-2019 the weighted average tree health category in the sample area increased from 2.21 to 2.52. The morphometric parameters of cones turned out to be more stable in the female generative sphere. Greater variability was noted for full-grain seed yield and the number of sterile apex scales”
Claim · model-written summary
Relatively high preservation of seed ovules was found across the developmental periods, at 70.60-81.77% and 79.07-88.35%.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Organ / stage
- seed ovulese2
- Outcome
- preservation of seed ovulese2
- Direction
- Relatively highe2
- Value
- 70.60-81.77 and 79.07-88.35%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Evaluation of the manifestation of Scots pine trees reaction to the weakening effect of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref”
e2“Relatively high preservation of seed ovules was found in the first and second vegetative periods of development within the boundaries of average values. For trees of different status categories during the whole period of observations it was 70.60-81.77 and 79.07-88.35% respectively, which indicated sufficient quality of pollination and marked compatibility of male and female genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The pollination quality was sufficient and male and female genotypes were markedly compatible, as indicated by the ovule preservation values.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Outcome
- quality of pollinatione2
- Direction
- sufficiente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Evaluation of the manifestation of Scots pine trees reaction to the weakening effect of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref”
e2“Relatively high preservation of seed ovules was found in the first and second vegetative periods of development within the boundaries of average values. For trees of different status categories during the whole period of observations it was 70.60-81.77 and 79.07-88.35% respectively, which indicated sufficient quality of pollination and marked compatibility of male and female genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo survival in the experiment reached 63.44-81.48%.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Outcome
- Embryo survivale3
- Value
- 63.44-81.48%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Evaluation of the manifestation of Scots pine trees reaction to the weakening effect of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref”
e3“Embryo survival in the experiment reached 63.44-81.48%. The sensitivity of the generative sphere of Scots pine to the stress caused by the development of the disease has been proved”
Claim · model-written summary
The generative sphere of Scots pine was sensitive to the stress caused by Heterobasidion annosum disease development.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Treatment
- the stress caused by the development of the diseasee3
- Interactor
- Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref
Heterobasidion annosume0pathogen - Outcome
- sensitivity of the generative spheree3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Evaluation of the manifestation of Scots pine trees reaction to the weakening effect of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref”
e3“Embryo survival in the experiment reached 63.44-81.48%. The sensitivity of the generative sphere of Scots pine to the stress caused by the development of the disease has been proved”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected trees with weakening and dying out showed a significant decrease in the average length and diameter of mature cones.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Treatment
- weakening and dying out of pine trees infected with root spongee4
- Interactor
- Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) BrefHeterobasidion annosume0pathogen
- Outcome
- average length and diameter of mature conese4
- Direction
- decreasee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Evaluation of the manifestation of Scots pine trees reaction to the weakening effect of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref”
e4“A significant decrease in the average length and diameter of mature cones and a relative increase in female reproduction rates were confirmed with the weakening and dying out of pine trees infected with root sponge”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected trees with weakening and dying out showed a relative increase in female reproduction rates.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise0
- Treatment
- weakening and dying out of pine trees infected with root spongee4
- Interactor
- Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) BrefHeterobasidion annosume0pathogen
- Outcome
- female reproduction ratese4
- Direction
- increasee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Evaluation of the manifestation of Scots pine trees reaction to the weakening effect of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref”
e4“A significant decrease in the average length and diameter of mature cones and a relative increase in female reproduction rates were confirmed with the weakening and dying out of pine trees infected with root sponge”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Scots pine for monitoring the state of the female generative sphere.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrise5
- Outcome
- monitoring the state of the female generative spheree5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Evaluation of the manifestation of Scots pine trees reaction to the weakening effect of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref”
e5“allow us to recommend Scots pine for monitoring the state of the female generative sphere”