Abstract
Drought stress severely affects the growth and development of rice, especially at the reproductive stage, which results in disturbed metabolic processes, reduced seed-set/grain filling, deteriorated grain quality, declined productivity, and lower yield. Despite the recent advances in understanding the responses of rice to drought stress, there is a need to comprehensively integrate the morpho-physio-biochemical studies with the molecular responses/differential expression of genes and decipher the underlying pathways that regulate the adaptability of rice at various drought-sensitive growth stages. Our comparative analysis of immature panicle from a drought-tolerant (Nagina 22) and a drought-sensitive (IR 64) rice cultivar grown under control (well-watered) and water-deficit/drought stress (treatment, imposed at the reproductive stage) conditions unraveled some novel stress-responsive genes/pathways responsible for reproductive-stage drought stress tolerance. The results revealed a more important role of upregulated (6706) genes in the panicle of N 22 at reproductive-stage drought stress compared to that (5590) in IR 64. Functional enrichment and MapMan analyses revealed that majority of the DEGs were associated with the phytohormone, redox signalling/homeostasis, secondary metabolite, and transcription factor-mediated mitigation of the adverse effects of drought stress in N 22. The upregulated expression of the genes associated with starch/sucrose metabolism, secondary metabolites synthesis, transcription factors, glutathione, linoleic acid, and phenylalanine metabolism in N 22 was significantly more than that in the panicle of IR 64. Compared to IR 64, 2743 genes were upregulated in N 22 under control conditions, which further increased (4666) under drought stress in panicle of the tolerant cultivar. Interestingly, we observed 6706 genes to be upregulated in the panicle of N 22 over IR 64 under drought and 5814 genes get downregulated in the panicle of N 22 over IR 64 under the stress. In addition, RT-qPCR analysis confirmed differential expression patterns of the DEGs. These genes/pathways associated with the reproductive-stage drought tolerance might provide an important source of molecular markers for genetic manipulation of rice for enhanced drought tolerance.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
N 22 had 6706 upregulated panicle genes under reproductive drought versus 5590 in IR 64.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- N 22e0
- Organ / stage
- paniclee0
- Outcome
- upregulated (6706) genese0
- Direction
- more importante0
- Value
- 6706e0
- Comparator
- IR 64e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed a more important role of upregulated (6706) genes in the panicle of N 22 at reproductive-stage drought stress compared to that (5590) in IR 64.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Most DEGs were associated with several drought-mitigation pathways in N 22.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- N 22e0
- Outcome
- majority of the DEGse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Functional enrichment and MapMan analyses revealed that majority of the DEGs were associated with the phytohormone, redox signalling/homeostasis, secondary metabolite, and transcription factor-mediated mitigation of the adverse effects of drought stress in N 22.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N 22 had significantly more upregulated expression of metabolic and transcription factor genes than IR 64.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- N 22e0
- Outcome
- upregulated expression of the genese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- IR 64e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The upregulated expression of the genes associated with starch/sucrose metabolism, secondary metabolites synthesis, transcription factors, glutathione, linoleic acid, and phenylalanine metabolism in N 22 was significantly more than that in the panicle of IR 64.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N 22 had 2743 genes upregulated relative to IR 64 under control conditions.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- N 22e0
- Outcome
- genes were upregulatede0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 2743e0
- Comparator
- IR 64e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to IR 64, 2743 genes were upregulated in N 22 under control conditions, which further increased (4666) under drought stress in panicle of the tolerant cultivar.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N 22 had 4666 such genes under panicle drought stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- N 22e0
- Outcome
- genes were upregulatede0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4666e0
- Comparator
- IR 64e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to IR 64, 2743 genes were upregulated in N 22 under control conditions, which further increased (4666) under drought stress in panicle of the tolerant cultivar.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, 6706 panicle genes were upregulated in N 22 relative to IR 64.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- N 22e0
- Outcome
- genes to be upregulatede0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 6706e0
- Comparator
- IR 64e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interestingly, we observed 6706 genes to be upregulated in the panicle of N 22 over IR 64 under drought and 5814 genes get downregulated in the panicle of N 22 over IR 64 under the stress.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, 5814 panicle genes were downregulated in N 22 relative to IR 64.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- N 22e0
- Outcome
- genes get downregulatede0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
- Value
- 5814e0
- Comparator
- IR 64e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interestingly, we observed 6706 genes to be upregulated in the panicle of N 22 over IR 64 under drought and 5814 genes get downregulated in the panicle of N 22 over IR 64 under the stress.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RT-qPCR confirmed differential expression patterns of DEGs.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- differential expression patterns of the DEGse0
- Value
- DEGse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, RT-qPCR analysis confirmed differential expression patterns of the DEGs.”
t0“Rice”