Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is an important pathogenic fungus affecting many crops and is one of the main sources of their aflatoxin contamination. The primary method of limiting this pathogen is using chemical fungicides, but researchers focus on searching for other effective agents for its control due to many disadvantages and limitations of these agrochemicals. The results obtained in the present study indicate the high potential of two yeast strains, Aureobasidium pullulans PP4 and A. pullulans ZD1, in the biological control of A. flavus. Under in vitro conditions, mycelial growth was reduced by 53.61% and 63.05%, and spore germination was inhibited by 68.97% and 79.66% by ZD1 and PP4 strains, respectively. Both strains produced the lytic enzymes chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase after 5 days of cultivation with cell wall preparations (CWP) of A. flavus in the medium as a carbon source. In addition, the tested yeasts showed the ability to grow over a wide range of temperatures (4–30 °C), pH (4–11), and salinity (0–12%) and showed tolerance to fungicides at concentrations corresponding to field conditions. Both isolates tested were highly tolerant to cupric oxychloride, showing biomass gains of 85.84% (ZD1) and 87.25% (PP4). Biomass growth in the presence of fungicides azoxystrobin was 78.71% (ZD1) and 82.65% (PP4), while in the presence of difenoconazole, it was 70.09% (ZD1) and 75.25% (PP4). The yeast strains were also tested for antagonistic effects against A. flavus directly on tomato fruit. Both isolates acted effectively by reducing lesion diameter from 29.13 mm (control) to 8.04 mm (PP4) and 8.83 mm (ZD1).
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, strain ZD1 reduced mycelial growth of Aspergillus flavus by 53.61%.
- Taxon
- Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavust0 - Treatment
- ZD1e0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavust0pathogen
- Second interactor
- ZD1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 53.61%e0
- Setting
- in vitro conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Aspergillus flavus”
e0“Under in vitro conditions, mycelial growth was reduced by 53.61% and 63.05%, and spore germination was inhibited by 68.97% and 79.66% by ZD1 and PP4 strains, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, strain PP4 reduced mycelial growth of Aspergillus flavus by 63.05%.
- Taxon
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavust0
- Treatment
- PP4e0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavust0pathogen
- Second interactor
- PP4e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 63.05%e0
- Setting
- in vitro conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Aspergillus flavus”
e0“Under in vitro conditions, mycelial growth was reduced by 53.61% and 63.05%, and spore germination was inhibited by 68.97% and 79.66% by ZD1 and PP4 strains, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, strain ZD1 inhibited spore germination of Aspergillus flavus by 68.97%.
- Taxon
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavust0
- Treatment
- ZD1e0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavust0pathogen
- Second interactor
- ZD1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- spore germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 68.97%e0
- Setting
- in vitro conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Aspergillus flavus”
e0“Under in vitro conditions, mycelial growth was reduced by 53.61% and 63.05%, and spore germination was inhibited by 68.97% and 79.66% by ZD1 and PP4 strains, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, strain PP4 inhibited spore germination of Aspergillus flavus by 79.66%.
- Taxon
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavust0
- Treatment
- PP4e0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavust0pathogen
- Second interactor
- PP4e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- spore germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 79.66%e0
- Setting
- in vitro conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Aspergillus flavus”
e0“Under in vitro conditions, mycelial growth was reduced by 53.61% and 63.05%, and spore germination was inhibited by 68.97% and 79.66% by ZD1 and PP4 strains, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Both A. pullulans strains produced the lytic enzymes chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase when cultivated with cell wall preparations of A. flavus.
- Taxon
- Aureobasidium pullulans
Aureobasidium pullulanst1 - Outcome
- lytic enzymes chitinase and β-1,3-glucanasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Aureobasidium pullulans”
e0“Both strains produced the lytic enzymes chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase”
Claim · model-written summary
On tomato fruit, strain PP4 reduced A. flavus lesion diameter to 8.04 mm from 29.13 mm in the control.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Organ / stage
- fruite1
- Treatment
- PP4e0
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse1pathogen
- Second interactor
- PP4e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- lesion diametere0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 8.04 mme0
- Qualifier
- 29.13 mme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing lesion diameter from 29.13 mm (control) to 8.04 mm (PP4) and 8.83 mm (ZD1)”
e1“against A. flavus directly on tomato fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
On tomato fruit, strain ZD1 reduced A. flavus lesion diameter to 8.83 mm from 29.13 mm in the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- fruite1
- Treatment
- ZD1e0
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse1pathogen
- Second interactor
- ZD1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- lesion diametere0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 8.83 mme0
- Qualifier
- 29.13 mme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing lesion diameter from 29.13 mm (control) to 8.04 mm (PP4) and 8.83 mm (ZD1)”
e1“against A. flavus directly on tomato fruit”