Abstract
The threat of invasion is growing globally and endangers biodiversity. Exotic invasive plants are putting a harm to the vegetation of Pakistan’s Pothwar region, which is a biodiversity hotspot. In the current study, the effects of Broussonetia papyrifera , Parthenium hysterophorus, Xanthium strumarium , and Lantana camara on the local flora in the Pothwar area were examined. Two categorical groups (invaded and non-invaded) were used in a dichotomized experimental design to collect data. Using the software PRIMER-7 and IBM SPSS v. 21, different diversity indices including Margalef’s index of species richness, Shannon index of diversity, and Simpson index of dominance were measured and compared between invaded and control plots. In comparison to the experimental plots, the control plots had an average of more individuals and diversity. On a multivariate scale, non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) revealed higher species richness in control plots. The invasion effect of L. camara was the highest, followed by X. strumarium, P. hysterophorus, and B. papyrifera.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Control plots had more individuals than invaded plots on average.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison to the experimental plots, the control plots had an average of more individuals and diversity”
e1“local flora in the Pothwar area”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plots had greater diversity than invaded plots on average.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison to the experimental plots, the control plots had an average of more individuals and diversity”
e1“local flora in the Pothwar area”
Claim · model-written summary
Multivariate analyses indicated higher species richness in control plots.
Verbatim
e0“non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) revealed higher species richness in control plots”
e1“local flora in the Pothwar area”
Claim · model-written summary
L. camara had the highest invasion effect.
- Taxon
- local florae1
- Interactor
- L. camara
_mit_Insekt.jpg?width=60)
Lantana camarae0other - Outcome
- invasion effect of L. camarae0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_mit_Insekt.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The invasion effect of L. camara was the highest, followed by X. strumarium, P. hysterophorus, and B. papyrifera.”
e1“local flora in the Pothwar area”
Claim · model-written summary
X. strumarium had the second greatest invasion effect.
- Taxon
- local florae1
- Interactor
- X. strumarium
Xanthium strumariume0other - Outcome
- invasion effecte0
- Qualifier
- followed by X. strumariume0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The invasion effect of L. camara was the highest, followed by X. strumarium, P. hysterophorus, and B. papyrifera.”
e1“local flora in the Pothwar area”
Claim · model-written summary
P. hysterophorus followed X. strumarium in invasion effect.
- Taxon
- local florae1
- Interactor
- P. hysterophorus
Parthenium hysterophoruse0other - Outcome
- invasion effecte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The invasion effect of L. camara was the highest, followed by X. strumarium, P. hysterophorus, and B. papyrifera.”
e1“local flora in the Pothwar area”
Claim · model-written summary
B. papyrifera ranked last among the four named invaders for invasion effect.
- Taxon
- local florae1
- Interactor
- B. papyrifera
Broussonetia papyriferae0other - Outcome
- invasion effecte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The invasion effect of L. camara was the highest, followed by X. strumarium, P. hysterophorus, and B. papyrifera.”
e1“local flora in the Pothwar area”