Abstract
Kip-related proteins (KRPs), as inhibitory proteins of cyclin-dependent kinases, are involved in the growth and development of plants by regulating the activity of the CYC-CDK complex to control cell cycle progression. The KRP gene family has been identified in several plants, and several KRP proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana have been functionally characterized. However, there is little research on KRP genes in soybean, which is an economically important crop. In this study, we identified nine GmKRP genes in the Glycine max genome using HMM modeling and BLASTP searches. Protein subcellular localization and conserved motif analysis showed soybean KRP proteins located in the nucleus, and the C-terminal protein sequence was highly conserved. By investigating the expression patterns in various tissues, we found that all GmKRPs exhibited transcript abundance, while several showed tissue-specific expression patterns. By analyzing the promoter region, we found that light, low temperature, an anaerobic environment, and hormones-related cis -elements were abundant. In addition, we performed a co-expression analysis of the GmKRP gene family, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) set enrichment analysis. The co-expressing genes were mainly involved in RNA synthesis and modification and energy metabolism. Furthermore, the GmKRP2a gene, a member of the soybean KRP family, was cloned for further functional analysis. GmKRP2a is located in the nucleus and participates in root development by regulating cell cycle progression. RNA-seq results indicated that GmKRP2a is involved in cell cycle regulation through ribosome regulation, cell expansion, hormone response, stress response, and plant pathogen response pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify and characterize the KRP gene family in soybean.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Nine GmKRP genes were identified in the Glycine max genome.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- we identified nine GmKRP genes in the Glycine max genomee0
- Value
- ninee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified nine GmKRP genes in the Glycine max genome”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean KRP proteins localized to the nucleus.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- soybean KRP proteins located in the nucleuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean KRP proteins located in the nucleus”
Claim · model-written summary
The C-terminal protein sequence was highly conserved.
- Outcome
- the C-terminal protein sequence was highly conserved.e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the C-terminal protein sequence was highly conserved.”
Claim · model-written summary
All GmKRPs had transcript abundance.
- Outcome
- all GmKRPs exhibited transcript abundancee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“all GmKRPs exhibited transcript abundance”
Claim · model-written summary
Several GmKRPs showed tissue specific expression.
- Outcome
- several showed tissue-specific expression patterns.e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“several showed tissue-specific expression patterns.”
Claim · model-written summary
Promoters were abundant in light, cold, anaerobic and hormone cis elements.
- Outcome
- light, low temperature, an anaerobic environment, and hormones-related cis -elements were abundant.e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“light, low temperature, an anaerobic environment, and hormones-related cis -elements were abundant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Coexpressed genes were mainly involved in RNA synthesis and modification.
- Outcome
- The co-expressing genes were mainly involved in RNA synthesis and modification and energy metabolism.e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The co-expressing genes were mainly involved in RNA synthesis and modification and energy metabolism.”
Claim · model-written summary
Coexpressed genes were mainly involved in energy metabolism.
- Outcome
- The co-expressing genes were mainly involved in RNA synthesis and modification and energy metabolism.e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The co-expressing genes were mainly involved in RNA synthesis and modification and energy metabolism.”
Claim · model-written summary
GmKRP2a localized to the nucleus.
- Outcome
- GmKRP2a is located in the nucleuse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“GmKRP2a is located in the nucleus”
Claim · model-written summary
GmKRP2a participates in root development through cell cycle regulation.
- Outcome
- participates in root development by regulating cell cycle progression.e0
- Qualifier
- regulating cell cycle progressione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“participates in root development by regulating cell cycle progression.”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA sequencing implicated GmKRP2a in cell cycle regulation via ribosome regulation and cell expansion.
- Outcome
- GmKRP2a is involved in cell cycle regulation through ribosome regulation, cell expansion, hormone response, stress response, and plant pathogen response pathways.e0
- Qualifier
- ribosome regulatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“GmKRP2a is involved in cell cycle regulation through ribosome regulation, cell expansion, hormone response, stress response, and plant pathogen response pathways.”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA sequencing implicated GmKRP2a in hormone and stress response pathways.
- Outcome
- GmKRP2a is involved in cell cycle regulation through ribosome regulation, cell expansion, hormone response, stress response, and plant pathogen response pathways.e0
- Qualifier
- hormone responsee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“GmKRP2a is involved in cell cycle regulation through ribosome regulation, cell expansion, hormone response, stress response, and plant pathogen response pathways.”