Abstract
Betalains, which consist of the subgroups betaxanthins and betacyanins, are hydrophilic pigments that have classically been used for food colorants. Owing to their strong antioxidant property, their usefulness for application for therapeutic use is also expected. In addition, as betalains are mainly naturally available from plants of the order Caryophyllales, including beet (Beta vulgaris), metabolic engineering for betalain production in crops such as vegetables, fruits and cereals may provide new food resources useful for healthcare. Here we conducted metabolic engineering of betacyanins in tomato fruits and potato tubers. The transgenic tomato fruits and potato tubers with coexpression of betacyanin biosynthesis genes, CYP76AD1 from B. vulgaris, DOD (DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase) and 5GT (cyclo-DOPA 5-O-glucosyltransferase) from Mirabilis jalapa, under control of suitable specific promoters, possessed dark red tissues with enriched accumulation of betacyanins (betanin and isobetanin). The anti-inflammatory activity of transgenic tomato fruit extract was superior to that of wild-type fruit extract on macrophage RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as a result of decreased LPS-stimulated transcript levels of proinflammatory genes. These findings were in accord with the observation that administration of the transgenic tomato fruits ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis as well as body weight loss and disease activity index in mice, via suppression of DSS-stimulated transcript levels of pro-inflammatory genes, including Tnf (encoding TNF-alpha), Il6, and Ptgs2 (encoding cyclooxygenae 2). Intriguingly, given the fact that the transgenic potato tuber extract failed to enrich the anti-inflammatory activity of macrophage cells, it is likely that metabolic engineering of betacyanins will be a powerful way of increasing the anti-inflammatory property of ordinary foods such as tomato.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Engineered tomato fruit developed dark red tissue and accumulated betacyanins.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- transgenic tomato fruitse0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Gene
- CYP76AD1e0
- Outcome
- dark red tissues with enriched accumulation of betacyaninse0
- Direction
- enrichede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transgenic tomato fruits and potato tubers with coexpression of betacyanin biosynthesis genes, CYP76AD1 from B. vulgaris, DOD (DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase) and 5GT (cyclo-DOPA 5-O-glucosyltransferase) from Mirabilis jalapa, under control of suitable specific promoters, possessed dark red tissues with enriched accumulation of betacyanins (betanin and isobetanin).”
Claim · model-written summary
Engineered potato tubers developed dark red tissue and accumulated betacyanins.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Material
- potato tuberse0
- Organ / stage
- tuberse0
- Gene
- DODe0
- Outcome
- dark red tissues with enriched accumulation of betacyaninse0
- Direction
- enrichede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transgenic tomato fruits and potato tubers with coexpression of betacyanin biosynthesis genes, CYP76AD1 from B. vulgaris, DOD (DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase) and 5GT (cyclo-DOPA 5-O-glucosyltransferase) from Mirabilis jalapa, under control of suitable specific promoters, possessed dark red tissues with enriched accumulation of betacyanins (betanin and isobetanin).”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic tomato extract had greater anti-inflammatory activity than wild-type extract in stimulated macrophages.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- transgenic tomato fruite0
- Outcome
- anti-inflammatory activitye0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- wild-type fruit extracte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The anti-inflammatory activity of transgenic tomato fruit extract was superior to that of wild-type fruit extract on macrophage RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Administration of transgenic tomato fruit ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- transgenic tomato fruitse0
- Outcome
- dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitise0
- Direction
- amelioratede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“administration of the transgenic tomato fruits ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis”
Claim · model-written summary
Administration of transgenic tomato fruit ameliorated body weight loss and disease activity index in mice.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- transgenic tomato fruitse0
- Outcome
- body weight loss and disease activity indexe0
- Direction
- amelioratede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“administration of the transgenic tomato fruits ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis as well as body weight loss and disease activity index in mice”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic potato tuber extract did not enrich macrophage anti-inflammatory activity.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- transgenic potato tuber extracte0
- Outcome
- anti-inflammatory activity of macrophage cellse0
- Direction
- failed to enriche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transgenic potato tuber extract failed to enrich the anti-inflammatory activity of macrophage cells”