Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important crops produced worldwide. Peanut is the dominant crop in the typical upland red soil areas of China; however, phosphorus bioavailability in red soil is very low, which severely affects peanut production. To improve the phosphorus bioavailability, which substantially promotes the green development of peanut production, a peanut–green manure rotation field experiment was conducted with six treatments (milkvetch; radish; brassica rape; mustard rape; winter fallow and no-tillage), commencing in September 2017 in the red soil area of Jiangxi province, China. The results show that compared with no-tillage (NT) treatments, different green manure returning treatments had significant effects on soil pH, soil phosphorus components and available potassium content. The particulate phosphorus and soil available phosphorus contents in the green manure treatments were significantly higher than those in the winter fallow (WF) treatment. Compared with the WF treatment, the content of particulate phosphorous in brassica rape (BR), radish (R) and milkvetch (MV) treatments was significantly increased by 6.55%, 3.66% and 2.50%, respectively; the available phosphorus content in mustard rape (MR), BR, R and MV was significantly increased by 20.93%, 25.60%, 23.76% and 18.10%, respectively. In addition, the total phosphorus content of peanut shell in the MV and R treatment was significantly higher than that in the WF treatment, increasing by 33.47% and 60.66%, respectively. Compared with the WF treatment, the peanut biomass of MR, BR and R treatments increased significantly by 19.51%, 29.83% and 19.77%, respectively. The total phosphorus accumulation in all green manure treatments was higher than that in the WF treatment, and the MV treatment reached a significant level at 18.83%. Based on these results, the particulate phosphorus (PP) and available phosphorus were significantly affected by different green manure treatments; green manure amendment improves peanut phosphorus uptake. The use of green manure (especially milkvetch and brassica rape) can be recommended to improve phosphorus bioavailability and yield of peanut in red soil areas.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure returning treatments had significant effects on soil pH, soil phosphorus components and available potassium compared with no-tillage.
- Taxon
- Peanut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- green manure returning treatmentse1
- Outcome
- soil pH, soil phosphorus components and available potassium contente1
- Comparator
- no-tillage (NT) treatmentse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e1“compared with no-tillage (NT) treatments, different green manure returning treatments had significant effects on soil pH, soil phosphorus components and available potassium content”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica rape increased particulate phosphorus content by 6.55% compared with the winter fallow treatment.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- brassica rape (BR)e2
- Outcome
- content of particulate phosphorouse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 6.55%e2
- Comparator
- WF treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e2“Compared with the WF treatment, the content of particulate phosphorous in brassica rape (BR), radish (R) and milkvetch (MV) treatments was significantly increased by 6.55%, 3.66% and 2.50%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish increased particulate phosphorus content by 3.66% compared with the winter fallow treatment.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- radish (R)e2
- Outcome
- content of particulate phosphorouse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 3.66%e2
- Comparator
- WF treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e2“Compared with the WF treatment, the content of particulate phosphorous in brassica rape (BR), radish (R) and milkvetch (MV) treatments was significantly increased by 6.55%, 3.66% and 2.50%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Milkvetch increased particulate phosphorus content by 2.50% compared with the winter fallow treatment.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- milkvetch (MV)e2
- Outcome
- content of particulate phosphorouse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 2.50%e2
- Comparator
- WF treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e2“Compared with the WF treatment, the content of particulate phosphorous in brassica rape (BR), radish (R) and milkvetch (MV) treatments was significantly increased by 6.55%, 3.66% and 2.50%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard rape increased available phosphorus content by 20.93% compared with the winter fallow treatment.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- mustard rape (MR)e3
- Outcome
- available phosphorus contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 20.93%e3
- Comparator
- WF treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e2“Compared with the WF treatment, the content of particulate phosphorous in brassica rape (BR), radish (R) and milkvetch (MV) treatments was significantly increased by 6.55%, 3.66% and 2.50%, respectively”
e3“the available phosphorus content in mustard rape (MR), BR, R and MV was significantly increased by 20.93%, 25.60%, 23.76% and 18.10%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica rape increased available phosphorus content by 25.60% compared with the winter fallow treatment.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- brassica rape (BR)e2
- Outcome
- available phosphorus contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 25.60%e3
- Comparator
- WF treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e2“Compared with the WF treatment, the content of particulate phosphorous in brassica rape (BR), radish (R) and milkvetch (MV) treatments was significantly increased by 6.55%, 3.66% and 2.50%, respectively”
e3“the available phosphorus content in mustard rape (MR), BR, R and MV was significantly increased by 20.93%, 25.60%, 23.76% and 18.10%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish increased available phosphorus content by 23.76% compared with the winter fallow treatment.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- radish (R)e2
- Outcome
- available phosphorus contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 23.76%e3
- Comparator
- WF treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e2“Compared with the WF treatment, the content of particulate phosphorous in brassica rape (BR), radish (R) and milkvetch (MV) treatments was significantly increased by 6.55%, 3.66% and 2.50%, respectively”
e3“the available phosphorus content in mustard rape (MR), BR, R and MV was significantly increased by 20.93%, 25.60%, 23.76% and 18.10%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Milkvetch increased available phosphorus content by 18.10% compared with the winter fallow treatment.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- milkvetch (MV)e2
- Outcome
- available phosphorus contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 18.10%e3
- Comparator
- WF treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e2“Compared with the WF treatment, the content of particulate phosphorous in brassica rape (BR), radish (R) and milkvetch (MV) treatments was significantly increased by 6.55%, 3.66% and 2.50%, respectively”
e3“the available phosphorus content in mustard rape (MR), BR, R and MV was significantly increased by 20.93%, 25.60%, 23.76% and 18.10%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The MV treatment increased total phosphorus content of peanut shell by 33.47% compared with the winter fallow treatment.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Organ / stage
- peanut shelle4
- Treatment
- MVe4
- Outcome
- total phosphorus contente4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 33.47%e4
- Comparator
- WF treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e4“the total phosphorus content of peanut shell in the MV and R treatment was significantly higher than that in the WF treatment, increasing by 33.47% and 60.66%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The R treatment increased total phosphorus content of peanut shell by 60.66% compared with the winter fallow treatment.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Organ / stage
- peanut shelle4
- Treatment
- R treatmente4
- Outcome
- total phosphorus contente4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 60.66%e4
- Comparator
- WF treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e4“the total phosphorus content of peanut shell in the MV and R treatment was significantly higher than that in the WF treatment, increasing by 33.47% and 60.66%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard rape increased peanut biomass by 19.51% compared with the winter fallow treatment.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- MRe5
- Outcome
- peanut biomasse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 19.51%e5
- Comparator
- WF treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e5“Compared with the WF treatment, the peanut biomass of MR, BR and R treatments increased significantly by 19.51%, 29.83% and 19.77%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassica rape increased peanut biomass by 29.83% compared with the winter fallow treatment.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- BRe5
- Outcome
- peanut biomasse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 29.83%e5
- Comparator
- WF treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e5“Compared with the WF treatment, the peanut biomass of MR, BR and R treatments increased significantly by 19.51%, 29.83% and 19.77%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish increased peanut biomass by 19.77% compared with the winter fallow treatment.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Re5
- Outcome
- peanut biomasse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 19.77%e5
- Comparator
- WF treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e5“Compared with the WF treatment, the peanut biomass of MR, BR and R treatments increased significantly by 19.51%, 29.83% and 19.77%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phosphorus accumulation was higher in all green manure treatments than in the winter fallow treatment.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- green manure treatmentse6
- Outcome
- total phosphorus accumulatione6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- WF treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e6“The total phosphorus accumulation in all green manure treatments was higher than that in the WF treatment, and the MV treatment reached a significant level at 18.83%”
Claim · model-written summary
The MV treatment reached a significant level of total phosphorus accumulation at 18.83%.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- MV treatmente6
- Outcome
- total phosphorus accumulatione6
- Value
- 18.83%e6
- Comparator
- WF treatmente6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e6“The total phosphorus accumulation in all green manure treatments was higher than that in the WF treatment, and the MV treatment reached a significant level at 18.83%”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend green manure, especially milkvetch and brassica rape, to improve phosphorus bioavailability and peanut yield in red soil areas.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- green manuree7
- Outcome
- phosphorus bioavailability and yielde7
- Setting
- red soil arease7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut Absorption of Phosphorus in Red Soil”
e7“The use of green manure (especially milkvetch and brassica rape) can be recommended to improve phosphorus bioavailability and yield of peanut in red soil areas”
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