Abstract
Soybean is attacked by various herbivorous insect pest species during the whole course of its life cycle in the field. It is important for soybean production to improve insect resistance by identifying and utilizing soybean endogenous insect-resistant genes. The ethylene-responsive transcription factor (ERF) plays a significant role in plant biotic and abiotic stresses; however, few studies focus on its role in insect resistance in soybean. Here, based on our previous common cutworm (CCW)-induced soybean transcriptome data, a soybean ERF gene GmERF54 was cloned, which responded to CCW feeding. Transcriptional analysis revealed that GmERF54 was ubiquitous in all soybean tissues and was expressed differently in insect-resistant and insect-susceptible soybean cultivars. RNA interference of GmERF54 increased the resistance to CCW, while the overexpression of GmERF54 decreased the resistance to CCW in transgenic soybean hairy roots compared with their controls. GmERF54 was localized to the nucleus, had transcriptional activation activity, and interacted with AP2/ERF GmPLT2. Several putative hormone response elements were predicted in the promoter sequence of GmERF54. Four putative elements were only found in the GmERF54 promoter sequence of insect-resistant cultivar Wanxianbaidongdou (WX), but not in the insect-susceptible cultivar Nannong 99-10 (99-10). GmERF54 promoter sequences of WX and 99-10 were cloned into the pCAMBIA1381z vector containing the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene to generate GmERF54WX:GUS and GmERF5499-10:GUS recombinant vectors, respectively. GUS staining of soybean hairy roots containing GmERF54WX:GUS and GmERF5499-10:GUS showed that GmERF54 was induced by CCW attack and both MeJA (methyl jasmonate) and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) treatments. Alleles in insect-resistant and insect-sensitive cultivars responded to these inductions differently. Overall, our results reveal that GmERF54 may be involved in the regulation of soybean resistance to CCW.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
GmERF54 responded to common cutworm feeding.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Interactor
- CCWe0pest
- Gene
- GmERF54e0
- Outcome
- responded to CCW feedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a soybean ERF gene GmERF54 was cloned, which responded to CCW feeding”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
GmERF54 expression was ubiquitous across soybean tissues.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Gene
- GmERF54e0
- Outcome
- ubiquitous in all soybean tissuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmERF54 was ubiquitous in all soybean tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
GmERF54 expression differed between resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- insect-resistant and insect-susceptible soybean cultivarse0
- Gene
- GmERF54e0
- Outcome
- expressed differentlye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmERF54 was ubiquitous in all soybean tissues and was expressed differently in insect-resistant and insect-susceptible soybean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA interference of GmERF54 increased resistance to CCW relative to controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- hairy rootse0
- Treatment
- RNA interference of GmERF54e0
- Interactor
- CCWe0pest
- Gene
- GmERF54e0
- Outcome
- resistance to CCWe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- their controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNA interference of GmERF54 increased the resistance to CCW, while the overexpression of GmERF54 decreased the resistance to CCW in transgenic soybean hairy roots compared with their controls”
Claim · model-written summary
GmERF54 overexpression decreased resistance to CCW relative to controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- hairy rootse0
- Treatment
- overexpression of GmERF54e0
- Interactor
- CCWe0pest
- Gene
- GmERF54e0
- Outcome
- resistance to CCWe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- their controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNA interference of GmERF54 increased the resistance to CCW, while the overexpression of GmERF54 decreased the resistance to CCW in transgenic soybean hairy roots compared with their controls”
Claim · model-written summary
GmERF54 localized to the nucleus.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- GmERF54e0
- Outcome
- localized to the nucleuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmERF54 was localized to the nucleus”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
GmERF54 had transcriptional activation activity.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- GmERF54e0
- Outcome
- transcriptional activation activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmERF54 was localized to the nucleus, had transcriptional activation activity”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
GmERF54 interacted with GmPLT2.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- GmERF54e0
- Outcome
- interacted with AP2/ERF GmPLT2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmERF54 was localized to the nucleus, had transcriptional activation activity, and interacted with AP2/ERF GmPLT2”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Several putative hormone response elements were predicted in the GmERF54 promoter.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- GmERF54e0
- Outcome
- putative hormone response elementse0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Several putative hormone response elements were predicted in the promoter sequence of GmERF54”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Four putative elements occurred only in the GmERF54 promoter of resistant Wanxianbaidongdou, absent from susceptible Nannong 99-10.
Verbatim
e0“Four putative elements were only found in the GmERF54 promoter sequence of insect-resistant cultivar Wanxianbaidongdou (WX), but not in the insect-susceptible cultivar Nannong 99-10 (99-10)”
Claim · model-written summary
GmERF54 was induced by CCW attack in soybean hairy roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- hairy rootse0
- Treatment
- CCW attacke0
- Interactor
- CCWe0pest
- Gene
- GmERF54e0
- Outcome
- GmERF54e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GUS staining of soybean hairy roots containing GmERF54WX:GUS and GmERF5499-10:GUS showed that GmERF54 was induced by CCW attack and both MeJA (methyl jasmonate) and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
MeJA treatment induced GmERF54 in soybean hairy roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- hairy rootse0
- Treatment
- MeJA (methyl jasmonate)e0
- Gene
- GmERF54e0
- Outcome
- GmERF54e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GUS staining of soybean hairy roots containing GmERF54WX:GUS and GmERF5499-10:GUS showed that GmERF54 was induced by CCW attack and both MeJA (methyl jasmonate) and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA treatment induced GmERF54 in soybean hairy roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- hairy rootse0
- Treatment
- IAA (indole-3-acetic acid)e0
- Gene
- GmERF54e0
- Outcome
- GmERF54e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GUS staining of soybean hairy roots containing GmERF54WX:GUS and GmERF5499-10:GUS showed that GmERF54 was induced by CCW attack and both MeJA (methyl jasmonate) and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The alleles in resistant and sensitive cultivars responded differently to the inductions.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- insect-resistant and insect-sensitive cultivarse0
- Outcome
- responded to these inductions differentlye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alleles in insect-resistant and insect-sensitive cultivars responded to these inductions differently”
t0“Soybean”
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