Abstract
The Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito is the vector of several arboviruses in tropical and subtropical areas of the globe, and synthetic pesticides remain the most widely used combat strategy. This study describes the investigation of secondary metabolites with larvicidal activity from the Malpighiaceae taxon using a metabolomic and bioactivity-based approach. The workflow initially consisted of a larvicidal screening of 394 extracts from the leaves of 197 Malpighiaceae samples, which were extracted using solvents of different polarity, leading to the selection of Heteropterys umbellata for the identification of active compounds. By employing untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and multivariate analyses (PCA and PLS-DA), it was possible to determine that the metabolic profiles of different plant organs and collection sites differed significantly. A bioguided approach led to the isolation of isochlorogenic acid A ( 1 ) and the nitropropanoyl glucosides karakin ( 2 ) and 1,2,3,6-tetrakis- O -[3-nitropropanoyl]-beta-glucopyranose ( 3 ). These nitro compounds exhibited larvicidal activity, possibly potentialized by synergistic effects of their isomers in chromatographic fractions. Additionally, targeted quantification of the isolated compounds in different extracts corroborated the untargeted results from the statistical analyses. These results support a metabolomic-guided approach in combination with classical phytochemical techniques to search for natural larvicidal compounds for arboviral vector control.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolic profiles differed significantly among plant organs and collection sites.
- Taxon
- Heteropterys umbellata
Heteropterys umbellatat0 - Organ / stage
- different plant organse0
- Outcome
- metabolic profilese0
- Direction
- differede0
- Setting
- collection sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“metabolic profiles of different plant organs and collection sites differed significantly”
t0“Heteropterys umbellata”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioguided isolation yielded isochlorogenic acid A, karakin and a nitropropanoyl glucoside.
- Taxon
- Heteropterys umbellataHeteropterys umbellatat0
- Outcome
- isochlorogenic acid A ( 1 ) and the nitropropanoyl glucosides karakin ( 2 ) and 1,2,3,6-tetrakis- O -[3-nitropropanoyl]-beta-glucopyranose ( 3 )e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A bioguided approach led to the isolation of isochlorogenic acid A ( 1 ) and the nitropropanoyl glucosides karakin ( 2 ) and 1,2,3,6-tetrakis- O -[3-nitropropanoyl]-beta-glucopyranose ( 3 ).”
t0“Heteropterys umbellata”
Claim · model-written summary
The nitro compounds showed larvicidal activity.
- Taxon
- Heteropterys umbellataHeteropterys umbellatat0
- Outcome
- larvicidal activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These nitro compounds exhibited larvicidal activity”
t0“Heteropterys umbellata”
Claim · model-written summary
Targeted quantification corroborated the untargeted statistical results.
- Taxon
- Heteropterys umbellataHeteropterys umbellatat0
- Outcome
- targeted quantificatione0
- Comparator
- untargeted resultse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“targeted quantification of the isolated compounds in different extracts corroborated the untargeted results from the statistical analyses”
t0“Heteropterys umbellata”