Abstract
The current investigation depicts the individual and synergistic effects of two important plant growth promoting microbial groups viz. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) in alleviating the phytotoxic impacts of chromium in Vigna radiata (L) R. Wilczek (green gram) seedlings. Cr6+ (100 ppm) treatment caused a stiff decline of about 44%, 72%, 68%, and 49% reduction in root and shoot length as well as leaf number and leaf area respectively as compared to control after 90 d of exposure. However, combined amendment with PGPR and PSB causes a significant amelioration of Cr toxicity though doubling the shoot length and leaf area with a 4 times increase in root length and leaf number after 90 d of growth. Total chlorophyll synthesis showed a 68% reduction in Cr6+ (100 ppm) which was ameliorated by combined treatments of PGPR and PSB. It showed a 123% increased total chlorophyll content than Cr6+ (100 ppm) whereas individual application of PGPR and PSB showed a 46% and 27% increase respectively. Combined application of PGPR and PSB with a toxic dose of Cr showed significant boosting alleviation ability and indicates its ameliorative role for abatement of Cr-induced toxicity.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium reduced root length by about 44%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- Cr6+ (100 ppm) treatmente0
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Cr6+ (100 ppm) treatment caused a stiff decline of about 44%, 72%, 68%, and 49% reduction in root and shoot length as well as leaf number and leaf area respectively as compared to control after 90 d of exposure.”
e1“combined amendment with PGPR and PSB causes a significant amelioration of Cr toxicity though doubling the shoot length and leaf area with a 4 times increase in root length and leaf number after 90 d of growth.”
t0“Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium reduced shoot length by about 72%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (L.) R. WilczekVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Cr6+ (100 ppm) treatmente0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 72%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cr6+ (100 ppm) treatment caused a stiff decline of about 44%, 72%, 68%, and 49% reduction in root and shoot length as well as leaf number and leaf area respectively as compared to control after 90 d of exposure.”
t0“Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium reduced leaf number by about 68%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (L.) R. WilczekVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Cr6+ (100 ppm) treatmente0
- Outcome
- leaf numbere0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 68%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cr6+ (100 ppm) treatment caused a stiff decline of about 44%, 72%, 68%, and 49% reduction in root and shoot length as well as leaf number and leaf area respectively as compared to control after 90 d of exposure.”
t0“Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium reduced leaf area by about 49%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (L.) R. WilczekVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Cr6+ (100 ppm) treatmente0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 49%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cr6+ (100 ppm) treatment caused a stiff decline of about 44%, 72%, 68%, and 49% reduction in root and shoot length as well as leaf number and leaf area respectively as compared to control after 90 d of exposure.”
t0“Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined PGPR and PSB doubled shoot length and leaf area under chromium exposure.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (L.) R. WilczekVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- combined amendment with PGPR and PSBe0
- Interactor
- PGPR and PSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot length and leaf areae0
- Direction
- doublinge0
- Value
- doublinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined amendment with PGPR and PSB causes a significant amelioration of Cr toxicity though doubling the shoot length and leaf area with a 4 times increase in root length and leaf number after 90 d of growth.”
t0“Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined PGPR and PSB quadrupled root length and leaf number under chromium exposure.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (L.) R. WilczekVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- combined amendment with PGPR and PSBe0
- Interactor
- PGPR and PSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root length and leaf numbere0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 4 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined amendment with PGPR and PSB causes a significant amelioration of Cr toxicity though doubling the shoot length and leaf area with a 4 times increase in root length and leaf number after 90 d of growth.”
t0“Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromium reduced total chlorophyll synthesis by 68%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (L.) R. WilczekVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Cr6+ (100 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- Total chlorophyll synthesise0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 68%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total chlorophyll synthesis showed a 68% reduction in Cr6+ (100 ppm) which was ameliorated by combined treatments of PGPR and PSB.”
t0“Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined PGPR and PSB raised chlorophyll content by 123% relative to chromium alone.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (L.) R. WilczekVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- PGPR and PSBe0
- Interactor
- PGPR and PSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 123%e0
- Comparator
- Cr6+ (100 ppm)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It showed a 123% increased total chlorophyll content than Cr6+ (100 ppm) whereas individual application of PGPR and PSB showed a 46% and 27% increase respectively.”
t0“Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR alone raised chlorophyll content by 46%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (L.) R. WilczekVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- PGPRe0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 46%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual application of PGPR and PSB showed a 46% and 27% increase respectively.”
e1“total chlorophyll content than Cr6+ (100 ppm)”
t0“Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB alone raised chlorophyll content by 27%.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata (L.) R. WilczekVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- PSBe0
- Interactor
- PSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“individual application of PGPR and PSB showed a 46% and 27% increase respectively.”
e1“total chlorophyll content than Cr6+ (100 ppm)”
t0“Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek seedlings”
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