Abstract
C 4 photosynthesis has evolved by repurposing enzymes found in C 3 plants. Compared with the ancestral C 3 state, accumulation of C 4 cycle proteins is enhanced. We used de-etiolation of C 4 Gynandropsis gynandra and C 3 Arabidopsis thaliana to understand this process. C 4 gene expression and chloroplast biogenesis in G. gynandra were tightly coordinated. Although C 3 and C 4 photosynthesis genes showed similar induction patterns, in G. gynandra , C 4 genes were more strongly induced than orthologs from A. thaliana . In vivo binding of TGA and homeodomain as well as light-responsive elements such as G- and I-box motifs were associated with the rapid increase in transcripts of C 4 genes. Deletion analysis confirmed that regions containing G- and I-boxes were necessary for high expression. The data support a model in which accumulation of transcripts derived from C 4 photosynthesis genes in C 4 leaves is enhanced because modifications in cis allowed integration into ancestral transcriptional networks.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
C4 gene expression and chloroplast biogenesis were tightly coordinated in G. gynandra.
- Taxon
- G. gynandra
Gynandropsis gynandrae0 - Outcome
- C 4 gene expression and chloroplast biogenesise0
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C 4 gene expression and chloroplast biogenesis in G. gynandra were tightly coordinated”
Claim · model-written summary
C3 and C4 photosynthesis genes showed similar induction patterns.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrat0
- Outcome
- similar induction patternse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C 3 and C 4 photosynthesis genes showed similar induction patterns”
t0“C 4 Gynandropsis gynandra and C 3 Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
C4 genes in G. gynandra were more strongly induced than Arabidopsis orthologs.
- Taxon
- G. gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae0
- Gene
- C 4 genese0
- Outcome
- inducede0
- Direction
- more stronglye0
- Comparator
- orthologs from A. thalianae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in G. gynandra , C 4 genes were more strongly induced than orthologs from A. thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
TGA and homeodomain binding and light responsive motifs were associated with rapid C4 transcript increases.
- Gene
- C 4 genese0
- Outcome
- transcripts of C 4 genese0
- Direction
- rapid increasee0
- Qualifier
- In vivo binding of TGA and homeodomain as well as light-responsive elements such as G- and I-box motifse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“In vivo binding of TGA and homeodomain as well as light-responsive elements such as G- and I-box motifs were associated with the rapid increase in transcripts of C 4 genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Regions containing G and I boxes were necessary for high C4 gene expression.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Deletion analysis confirmed that regions containing G- and I-boxes were necessary for high expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Cis changes allowed C4 genes to integrate into ancestral transcriptional networks, enhancing transcript accumulation.
- Gene
- C 4 photosynthesis genese0
- Outcome
- accumulation of transcriptse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- modifications in cis allowed integration into ancestral transcriptional networkse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“accumulation of transcripts derived from C 4 photosynthesis genes in C 4 leaves is enhanced because modifications in cis allowed integration into ancestral transcriptional networks”