Abstract
Knowledge of genetic identity, genetic relationships, ploidy level, and chromosome numbers can enhance the efficiency of ornamental plant breeding programs. In the present study, genome sizes, chromosome numbers, and genetic fingerprints were determined for a collection of 94 Ilex accessions, including 69 I. crenata. The genome size of the entire collection ranged from 1.50 ± 0.03 to 8.01 ± 0.18. Within the species of I. crenata, genome sizes varied (mean ± sd) between 1.98 ± 0.08 and 2.30 ± 0.04, with three outliers: 3.06 ± 0.04, 4.04 ± 0.09, and 4.19 ± 0.08. The chromosome counting results showed 2n = 40 for I. crenata accessions and confirmed the outliers as one triploid and two tetraploids. A high intra-specific genetic diversity in Ilex crenata was found, after genetic fingerprinting using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). The species I. crenata was separated into three clades, which coincided with intraspecific differences in genome sizes (mean ± sd) of 2.09 ± 0.006, 2.07 ± 0.05, and 2.19 ± 0.06 pg/2C per clade as mean values for the diploids. Applying a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) to the genetic fingerprinting data of all species in the collection revealed a wide genetic variation, which has not yet been commercially exploited. These findings could form the basis for selectively breeding parents, in order to create more genetic diversity via intra- and interspecific crosses.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Genome size across the Ilex collection ranges from 1.50 to 8.01 (pg/2C).
- Taxon
- Ilex crenata
Ilex crenatat0 - Outcome
- genome sizee0
- Value
- 1.50 ± 0.03 to 8.01 ± 0.18e0
- Qualifier
- entire collectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ilex crenata”
e0“The genome size of the entire collection ranged from 1.50 ± 0.03 to 8.01 ± 0.18”
Claim · model-written summary
Diploid I. crenata genome sizes range from 1.98 to 2.30.
- Taxon
- I. crenataIlex crenatae1
- Outcome
- genome sizese1
- Value
- 1.98 ± 0.08 and 2.30 ± 0.04e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Within the species of I. crenata, genome sizes varied (mean ± sd) between 1.98 ± 0.08 and 2.30 ± 0.04”
Claim · model-written summary
Three outlier I. crenata accessions have genome sizes of 3.06, 4.04 and 4.19.
- Taxon
- I. crenataIlex crenatae1
- Outcome
- outlierse2
- Value
- 3.06 ± 0.04, 4.04 ± 0.09, and 4.19 ± 0.08e2
- Qualifier
- three outlierse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Within the species of I. crenata, genome sizes varied (mean ± sd) between 1.98 ± 0.08 and 2.30 ± 0.04”
e2“with three outliers: 3.06 ± 0.04, 4.04 ± 0.09, and 4.19 ± 0.08”
Claim · model-written summary
I. crenata accessions have 2n = 40 chromosomes.
- Taxon
- I. crenataIlex crenatae3
- Outcome
- chromosome counting resultse3
- Value
- 2n = 40e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The chromosome counting results showed 2n = 40 for I. crenata accessions”
Claim · model-written summary
The genome size outliers of I. crenata are one triploid and two tetraploids.
- Taxon
- I. crenataIlex crenatae3
- Outcome
- outlierse4
- Qualifier
- one triploid and two tetraploidse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The chromosome counting results showed 2n = 40 for I. crenata accessions”
e4“confirmed the outliers as one triploid and two tetraploids”
Claim · model-written summary
Intra-specific genetic diversity in Ilex crenata is high by genotyping-by-sequencing fingerprinting.
- Taxon
- Ilex crenataIlex crenatae5
- Treatment
- genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)e5
- Outcome
- intra-specific genetic diversitye5
- Direction
- highe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“A high intra-specific genetic diversity in Ilex crenata was found, after genetic fingerprinting using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)”
Claim · model-written summary
I. crenata separates into three genetic clades.
- Taxon
- I. crenataIlex crenatae6
- Outcome
- three cladese6
- Direction
- separatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The species I. crenata was separated into three clades, which coincided with intraspecific differences in genome sizes (mean ± sd) of 2.09 ± 0.006, 2.07 ± 0.05, and 2.19 ± 0.06 pg/2C per clade as mean values for the diploids”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean diploid genome sizes of the three I. crenata clades are 2.09, 2.07 and 2.19 pg/2C.
- Taxon
- I. crenataIlex crenatae6
- Outcome
- genome sizese6
- Value
- 2.09 ± 0.006, 2.07 ± 0.05, and 2.19 ± 0.06 pg/2Ce6
- Qualifier
- mean values for the diploidse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The species I. crenata was separated into three clades, which coincided with intraspecific differences in genome sizes (mean ± sd) of 2.09 ± 0.006, 2.07 ± 0.05, and 2.19 ± 0.06 pg/2C per clade as mean values for the diploids”
Claim · model-written summary
Principal coordinate analysis reveals wide genetic variation in the Ilex collection, not yet commercially exploited.
- Treatment
- principal coordinate analysis (PCoA)e7
- Outcome
- genetic variatione7
- Direction
- widee7
- Qualifier
- not yet been commercially exploitede7
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
IlexOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Ilex crenata”
e7“Applying a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) to the genetic fingerprinting data of all species in the collection revealed a wide genetic variation, which has not yet been commercially exploited”
Claim · model-written summary
Selective breeding of parents with intra- and interspecific crosses could increase genetic diversity in Ilex.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ilex crenata”
e0“These findings could form the basis for selectively breeding parents, in order to create more genetic diversity via intra- and interspecific crosses”