Abstract
Low nocturnal temperature (LNT) is a major constraint for protected tomato production in China during winter and spring, which leads to tomato phosphorus (P) deficiency symptoms. The soil P fractions reflect soil P availability. The foliar and root P fractions reflect the adaptation strategies of tomatoes to LNT. However, the relationship between plant P fractions and soil P fractions under LNT is not well understood. Therefore, we conducted a 40-day indoor incubation experiment with four nocturnal temperatures (15, 12, 9 and 6 °C). Tomato growth status, plant P fractions and soil P fractions were determined. Then, structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the direct and/or indirect effects of LNT on soil P fractions, plant P fractions and tomato shoot dry weight (SDW). The results showed that LNT decreased soil P availability by decreasing soil labile P and increasing soil moderately labile P. The foliar inorganic P, metabolite P, nucleic acid P and residual P were decreased under 9 and 6 °C. The root nucleic acid P and lipid P were decreased, while metabolite P was increased under 9 and 6 °C. Tomato foliar and root P fraction allocation was directly influenced by the increase in soil moderately labile P, while the decline in SDW was directly influenced by the decrease in soil labile P. In conclusion, LNT affects tomato P fractions allocation by reducing soil P availability, which limits the shoot dry matter production in tomatoes.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Low nocturnal temperature decreased soil P availability.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- LNTe0
- Outcome
- soil P availabilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“LNT decreased soil P availability by decreasing soil labile P and increasing soil moderately labile P.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nocturnal temperature decreasing soil labile P.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LNTe0
- Outcome
- soil labile Pe0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“LNT decreased soil P availability by decreasing soil labile P and increasing soil moderately labile P.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nocturnal temperature increasing soil moderately labile P.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LNTe0
- Outcome
- soil moderately labile Pe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“LNT decreased soil P availability by decreasing soil labile P and increasing soil moderately labile P.”
Claim · model-written summary
foliar inorganic P decreased at 9 and 6 °C.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- foliare0
- Treatment
- 9 and 6 °Ce0
- Outcome
- foliar inorganic Pe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The foliar inorganic P, metabolite P, nucleic acid P and residual P were decreased under 9 and 6 °C.”
Claim · model-written summary
metabolite P decreased at 9 and 6 °C.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- foliare0
- Treatment
- 9 and 6 °Ce0
- Outcome
- metabolite Pe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The foliar inorganic P, metabolite P, nucleic acid P and residual P were decreased under 9 and 6 °C.”
Claim · model-written summary
nucleic acid P decreased at 9 and 6 °C.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- foliare0
- Treatment
- 9 and 6 °Ce0
- Outcome
- nucleic acid Pe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The foliar inorganic P, metabolite P, nucleic acid P and residual P were decreased under 9 and 6 °C.”
Claim · model-written summary
residual P decreased at 9 and 6 °C.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- foliare0
- Treatment
- 9 and 6 °Ce0
- Outcome
- residual Pe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The foliar inorganic P, metabolite P, nucleic acid P and residual P were decreased under 9 and 6 °C.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root root nucleic acid P decreased at 9 and 6 °C.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- 9 and 6 °Ce0
- Outcome
- root nucleic acid Pe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The root nucleic acid P and lipid P were decreased, while metabolite P was increased under 9 and 6 °C.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root lipid P decreased at 9 and 6 °C.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- 9 and 6 °Ce0
- Outcome
- lipid Pe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The root nucleic acid P and lipid P were decreased, while metabolite P was increased under 9 and 6 °C.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root metabolite P increased at 9 and 6 °C.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- 9 and 6 °Ce0
- Outcome
- metabolite Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“The root nucleic acid P and lipid P were decreased, while metabolite P was increased under 9 and 6 °C.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased soil moderately labile P directly influenced foliar and root P fraction allocation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- soil moderately labile Pe0
- Outcome
- foliar and root P fraction allocatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Tomato foliar and root P fraction allocation was directly influenced by the increase in soil moderately labile P, while the decline in SDW was directly influenced by the decrease in soil labile P.”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased soil labile P directly influenced declining shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- soil labile Pe0
- Outcome
- SDWe0
- Direction
- declinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Tomato foliar and root P fraction allocation was directly influenced by the increase in soil moderately labile P, while the decline in SDW was directly influenced by the decrease in soil labile P.”