Abstract
Abstract Rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi are one of the causes of decreased rice productivity. Nanoemulsion of citronella oil is an alternative control for seed-borne pathogenic fungi carried by rice seeds and is effective and environmentally friendly. The research aimed to determine the effective concentration of nanoemulsions of citronella oil in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi. The study was conducted in two stages: 1. In the laboratory using a completely randomized design (CRD) with seven treatments and four replications. 2. Greenhouse uses the same design and treatment in stage one. The treatments used were control (soaking using sterile distilled water), nanoemulsion of citronella oil concentrations of 0.40%, 0.45%, 0.50%, 0.55%, 0.60%, and synthetic fungicide with propineb active site (70 WP) at a 2 g/l. The data obtained were analyzed using variance with the advanced test of Least Significance Different (LSD) at the 5% level. The parameters observed were the percentage of rice seeds that were attacked by fungi, identification of seed-borne pathogenic fungi, percentage of rice seeds that were attacked by each fungus, percentage of seedlings that appeared in the field, percentage of seedlings attacked by fungi, percentage of dead seedlings, seedling height, fresh and dry weight of seedlings. The result showed that nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50% was the most effective in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi, with the effectiveness of seeds being attacked suppressed by fungus, seedlings appearing in the field, seedlings being attacked by fungus, dead seedlings, seedling height, fresh and dry weight seeds were 75.00%, 60.00%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 60.83%, 141.55%, 366,67% respectively.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Citronella oil nanoemulsion at 0.50% was the most effective treatment against rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50%e1
- Interactor
- seed-borne pathogenic fungie1pathogen
- Outcome
- controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungie1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
- Comparator
- control (soaking using sterile distilled water)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The research aimed to determine the effective concentration of nanoemulsions of citronella oil in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e1“nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50% was the most effective in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e2“The treatments used were control (soaking using sterile distilled water)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.50% nanoemulsion reduced the share of rice seeds attacked by fungi, with 75.00% effectiveness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50%e1
- Interactor
- seed-borne pathogenic fungie1pathogen
- Outcome
- effectiveness of seeds being attacked suppressed by funguse3
- Direction
- suppressede3
- Value
- 75.00%e3
- Comparator
- control (soaking using sterile distilled water)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The research aimed to determine the effective concentration of nanoemulsions of citronella oil in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e1“nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50% was the most effective in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e2“The treatments used were control (soaking using sterile distilled water)”
e3“effectiveness of seeds being attacked suppressed by fungus, seedlings appearing in the field, seedlings being attacked by fungus, dead seedlings, seedling height, fresh and dry weight seeds were 75.00%, 60.00%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 60.83%, 141.55%, 366,67% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.50% nanoemulsion gave 60.00% effectiveness for seedlings appearing in the field.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50%e1
- Interactor
- seed-borne pathogenic fungie1pathogen
- Outcome
- seedlings appearing in the fielde3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 60.00%e3
- Comparator
- control (soaking using sterile distilled water)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The research aimed to determine the effective concentration of nanoemulsions of citronella oil in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e1“nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50% was the most effective in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e2“The treatments used were control (soaking using sterile distilled water)”
e3“effectiveness of seeds being attacked suppressed by fungus, seedlings appearing in the field, seedlings being attacked by fungus, dead seedlings, seedling height, fresh and dry weight seeds were 75.00%, 60.00%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 60.83%, 141.55%, 366,67% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.50% nanoemulsion gave 100.00% effectiveness against seedlings being attacked by fungus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50%e1
- Interactor
- seed-borne pathogenic fungie1pathogen
- Outcome
- seedlings being attacked by funguse3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- 100.00%e3
- Comparator
- control (soaking using sterile distilled water)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The research aimed to determine the effective concentration of nanoemulsions of citronella oil in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e1“nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50% was the most effective in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e2“The treatments used were control (soaking using sterile distilled water)”
e3“effectiveness of seeds being attacked suppressed by fungus, seedlings appearing in the field, seedlings being attacked by fungus, dead seedlings, seedling height, fresh and dry weight seeds were 75.00%, 60.00%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 60.83%, 141.55%, 366,67% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.50% nanoemulsion gave 100.00% effectiveness against dead seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50%e1
- Interactor
- seed-borne pathogenic fungie1pathogen
- Outcome
- dead seedlingse3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- 100.00%e3
- Comparator
- control (soaking using sterile distilled water)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The research aimed to determine the effective concentration of nanoemulsions of citronella oil in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e1“nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50% was the most effective in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e2“The treatments used were control (soaking using sterile distilled water)”
e3“effectiveness of seeds being attacked suppressed by fungus, seedlings appearing in the field, seedlings being attacked by fungus, dead seedlings, seedling height, fresh and dry weight seeds were 75.00%, 60.00%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 60.83%, 141.55%, 366,67% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.50% nanoemulsion gave 60.83% effectiveness for seedling height.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50%e1
- Interactor
- seed-borne pathogenic fungie1pathogen
- Outcome
- seedling heighte3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 60.83%e3
- Comparator
- control (soaking using sterile distilled water)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The research aimed to determine the effective concentration of nanoemulsions of citronella oil in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e1“nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50% was the most effective in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e2“The treatments used were control (soaking using sterile distilled water)”
e3“effectiveness of seeds being attacked suppressed by fungus, seedlings appearing in the field, seedlings being attacked by fungus, dead seedlings, seedling height, fresh and dry weight seeds were 75.00%, 60.00%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 60.83%, 141.55%, 366,67% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.50% nanoemulsion gave 141.55% effectiveness for fresh weight of seeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50%e1
- Interactor
- seed-borne pathogenic fungie1pathogen
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight seedse3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 141.55%e3
- Comparator
- control (soaking using sterile distilled water)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The research aimed to determine the effective concentration of nanoemulsions of citronella oil in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e1“nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50% was the most effective in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e2“The treatments used were control (soaking using sterile distilled water)”
e3“effectiveness of seeds being attacked suppressed by fungus, seedlings appearing in the field, seedlings being attacked by fungus, dead seedlings, seedling height, fresh and dry weight seeds were 75.00%, 60.00%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 60.83%, 141.55%, 366,67% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.50% nanoemulsion gave 366,67% effectiveness for dry weight of seeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50%e1
- Interactor
- seed-borne pathogenic fungie1pathogen
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight seedse3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 366,67%e3
- Comparator
- control (soaking using sterile distilled water)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The research aimed to determine the effective concentration of nanoemulsions of citronella oil in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e1“nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50% was the most effective in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi”
e2“The treatments used were control (soaking using sterile distilled water)”
e3“effectiveness of seeds being attacked suppressed by fungus, seedlings appearing in the field, seedlings being attacked by fungus, dead seedlings, seedling height, fresh and dry weight seeds were 75.00%, 60.00%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 60.83%, 141.55%, 366,67% respectively”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.