Abstract
Abstract Global potato production is plagued by multiple pathogens, amongst which are Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani , the causal agents of potato late blight and early blight, respectively. Both these pathogens have different lifestyles and are successful pathogens of potato, but despite observations of both pathogens infecting potato simultaneously in field conditions, the tripartite interactions between potato and these two pathogens are so far poorly understood. Here we studied the interaction of A . solani and P . infestans first in vitro and subsequently in planta both in laboratory and field settings. We found that A . solani can inhibit P . infestans in terms of growth in vitro and also infection of potato in both laboratory experiments and in an agriculturally relevant field setting. A . solani had a direct inhibitory effect on P . infestans in vitro and compounds secreted by A . solani had both an inhibitory and disruptive effect on sporangia and mycelium of P . infestans in vitro. In planta infection bioassays revealed that simultaneous co‐inoculation of both pathogens resulted in larger necrotic lesions than single inoculations; however, consecutive inoculations only resulted in larger lesions when A . solani was inoculated after P . infestans . These results indicate that the order in which these pathogens attempt to colonize potato is important for the disease outcome and that the influence of plant pathogens on each other should be accounted for in the design of future disease control strategies in crops such as potato.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria solani inhibited Phytophthora infestans growth in vitro.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume2 - Treatment
- A . solanie1
- Interactor
- P . infestans
Phytophthora infestanse1pathogen - Second interactor
- A . solani
Alternaria solanie1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- inhibite1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A . solani can inhibit P . infestans in terms of growth in vitro”
e2“Global potato production is plagued by multiple pathogens, amongst which are Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria solani inhibited infection of potato by Phytophthora infestans in laboratory and agriculturally relevant field settings.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Treatment
- A . solanie1
- Interactor
- P . infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Second interactor
- A . solaniAlternaria solanie1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- infection of potatoe3
- Direction
- inhibite1
- Setting
- agriculturally relevant field settinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A . solani can inhibit P . infestans in terms of growth in vitro”
e2“Global potato production is plagued by multiple pathogens, amongst which are Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani”
e3“also infection of potato in both laboratory experiments and in an agriculturally relevant field setting”
Claim · model-written summary
Compounds secreted by Alternaria solani had inhibitory and disruptive effects on sporangia and mycelium of Phytophthora infestans in vitro.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Treatment
- compounds secreted by A . solanie4
- Interactor
- P . infestansPhytophthora infestanse4pathogen
- Second interactor
- A . solaniAlternaria solanie4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- sporangia and mycelium of P . infestanse4
- Direction
- inhibitory and disruptive effecte4
- Setting
- in vitroe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Global potato production is plagued by multiple pathogens, amongst which are Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani”
e4“compounds secreted by A . solani had both an inhibitory and disruptive effect on sporangia and mycelium of P . infestans in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous co-inoculation of both pathogens gave larger necrotic lesions on potato than single inoculations.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Treatment
- simultaneous co‐inoculation of both pathogense5
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie2pathogen
- Outcome
- necrotic lesionse5
- Direction
- largere5
- Comparator
- single inoculationse5
- Setting
- In plantae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Global potato production is plagued by multiple pathogens, amongst which are Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani”
e5“In planta infection bioassays revealed that simultaneous co‐inoculation of both pathogens resulted in larger necrotic lesions than single inoculations”
Claim · model-written summary
Consecutive inoculation gave larger lesions on potato only when A. solani was inoculated after P. infestans.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Treatment
- consecutive inoculationse6
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie2pathogen
- Outcome
- lesionse6
- Direction
- largere6
- Qualifier
- when A . solani was inoculated after P . infestanse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Global potato production is plagued by multiple pathogens, amongst which are Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani”
e6“consecutive inoculations only resulted in larger lesions when A . solani was inoculated after P . infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
The influence of plant pathogens on each other should be accounted for in designing future potato disease control strategies.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume7
- Outcome
- design of future disease control strategiese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the influence of plant pathogens on each other should be accounted for in the design of future disease control strategies in crops such as potato”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 40 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.