Abstract
Tomato production in South Africa is threatened by the emergence of tomato curly stunt virus (ToCSV), a monopartite Begomovirus transmitted by the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). We investigated the role of sequence differences present in the 3' intergenic region (IR) and the V2 coding region on the differing infectivity of ToCSV sequence variant isolates V30 and V22 in the model host Nicotiana benthamiana. Using virus mutant chimeras, we determined that the development of the upward leaf roll symptom phenotype is mediated by sequence differences present in the 3' IR containing the TATA-associated composite element. Sequence differences present in the V2 coding region are responsible for modulating disease severity and symptom recovery in V22-infected plants. Serine substitution of V22 V2 Val27 resulted in a significant increase in disease severity with reduced recovery, the first study to demonstrate the importance of this V2 residue in disease development. Two putative ORFs, C5 and C6, were identified using in silico analysis and detection of an RNA transcript spanning their coding region suggests that these ORFs may be transcribed during infection. Additional virus-derived RNA transcripts spanning multiple ORFs and crossing the boundaries of recognised polycistronic transcripts, as well as the origin of replication within the IR, were detected in ToCSV-infected plants providing evidence of bidirectional readthrough transcription. From our results, we conclude that the diverse responses of the model host to ToCSV infection is influenced by select sequence differences and our findings provide several avenues for further investigation into the mechanisms behind these responses to infection.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Sequence differences in the 3 IR mediate development of the upward leaf roll symptom in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae6 - Treatment
- sequence differences present in the 3' IRe1
- Interactor
- tomato curly stunt virusTomato curly stunt virust0pathogen
- Outcome
- upward leaf roll symptom phenotypee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Using virus mutant chimeras, we determined that the development of the upward leaf roll symptom phenotype is mediated by sequence differences present in the 3' IR containing the TATA-associated composite element”
e6“in the model host Nicotiana benthamiana”
t0“tomato curly stunt virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequence differences in the V2 coding region are responsible for modulating disease severity and symptom recovery in V22-infected plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae6
- Material
- V22e2
- Treatment
- Sequence differences present in the V2 coding regione2
- Interactor
- tomato curly stunt virusTomato curly stunt virust0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severity and symptom recoverye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Sequence differences present in the V2 coding region are responsible for modulating disease severity and symptom recovery in V22-infected plants”
e6“in the model host Nicotiana benthamiana”
t0“tomato curly stunt virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Serine substitution of V22 V2 Val27 significantly increased disease severity in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae6
- Treatment
- Serine substitution of V22 V2 Val27e3
- Interactor
- tomato curly stunt virusTomato curly stunt virust0pathogen
- Gene
- V2e3
- Outcome
- disease severitye3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Serine substitution of V22 V2 Val27 resulted in a significant increase in disease severity with reduced recovery”
e6“in the model host Nicotiana benthamiana”
t0“tomato curly stunt virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Serine substitution of V22 V2 Val27 reduced symptom recovery in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae6
- Treatment
- Serine substitution of V22 V2 Val27e3
- Interactor
- tomato curly stunt virusTomato curly stunt virust0pathogen
- Outcome
- recoverye3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Serine substitution of V22 V2 Val27 resulted in a significant increase in disease severity with reduced recovery”
e6“in the model host Nicotiana benthamiana”
t0“tomato curly stunt virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Two putative ORFs, C5 and C6, of the virus were identified by in silico analysis.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae6
- Interactor
- tomato curly stunt virusTomato curly stunt virust0pathogen
- Outcome
- Two putative ORFs, C5 and C6e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Two putative ORFs, C5 and C6, were identified using in silico analysis”
e6“in the model host Nicotiana benthamiana”
t0“tomato curly stunt virus”
Claim · model-written summary
An RNA transcript spanning the C5 and C6 coding region was detected in infected plants, suggesting these ORFs may be transcribed.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae6
- Interactor
- tomato curly stunt virusTomato curly stunt virust0pathogen
- Outcome
- detection of an RNA transcript spanning their coding regione5
- Qualifier
- may be transcribed during infectione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“detection of an RNA transcript spanning their coding region suggests that these ORFs may be transcribed during infection”
e6“in the model host Nicotiana benthamiana”
t0“tomato curly stunt virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus-derived RNA transcripts spanning multiple ORFs were detected in ToCSV-infected Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae6
- Interactor
- ToCSVe7pathogen
- Outcome
- virus-derived RNA transcripts spanning multiple ORFse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Additional virus-derived RNA transcripts spanning multiple ORFs and crossing the boundaries of recognised polycistronic transcripts, as well as the origin of replication within the IR, were detected in ToCSV-infected plants”
e6“in the model host Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Bidirectional readthrough transcription of ToCSV is indicated by virus-derived transcripts in infected Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae6
- Interactor
- ToCSVe7pathogen
- Outcome
- bidirectional readthrough transcriptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“providing evidence of bidirectional readthrough transcription”
e7“Additional virus-derived RNA transcripts spanning multiple ORFs and crossing the boundaries of recognised polycistronic transcripts, as well as the origin of replication within the IR, were detected in ToCSV-infected plants”
e6“in the model host Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
The origin of replication within the IR was detected in ToCSV-infected Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae6
- Interactor
- ToCSVe7pathogen
- Outcome
- origin of replication within the IRe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Additional virus-derived RNA transcripts spanning multiple ORFs and crossing the boundaries of recognised polycistronic transcripts, as well as the origin of replication within the IR, were detected in ToCSV-infected plants”
e6“in the model host Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Diverse responses of the model host to ToCSV infection are influenced by select sequence differences.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae6
- Treatment
- select sequence differencese0
- Outcome
- diverse responses of the model host to ToCSV infectione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the diverse responses of the model host to ToCSV infection is influenced by select sequence differences”
e6“in the model host Nicotiana benthamiana”