Abstract
Abstract Nanoherbicides are articulated by empowering the potential of nanotechnology for the efficacious delivery of chemical or biological herbicides with the aid of nanomaterial‐based herbicide combinations. Therefore, the goal of this work was to investigate the chitosan nanoparticles loaded with mesosulfuron methyl and mesosulfuron methyl + florasulam + (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) MCPA isooctyl herbicides as a possible environmentally benign substitute to manage weeds in wheat. Due to intriguing characteristics including biocompatibility, low allergenicity, biodegradability, and nontoxicity, chitosan biopolymers as sustainable chitin derivatives have received intense scrutiny in the biomedical business. The manufactured nanoparticles were characterized by using ultraviolet absorbance, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The average particle size as revealed by SEM was 40–70 nm in a cluster form with the porous structure. The maximum absorption peaks of both nanoparticles of mesosulfuron methyl and mesosulfuron methyl + florasulam + MCPA isooctyl were 330 and 360 nm. The FT-IR analysis showed an intensive peak at 2 θ value of 30.55° for mesosulfuron methyl and 32.79° for mesosulfuron methyl + florasula + MCPA isooctyl, which correspond to the 78 and 198 planes of the anatase phase, respectively. The nanoparticles were sprayed at the third to fourth leaf stages of the targeted weeds. Seven different doses were applied. A total of 100% mortality and visual injury were caused by the chitosan-based nanoparticles of both herbicides at the recommended dose of standard herbicide. The 5-fold lower dose showed the minimum chlorophyll content (5.75%), plant height (2.35 cm), fresh biomass (1.08 g), and dry biomass (0.33 g) of a weed mixture. For the same traits, the herbicide nanoparticles at 10-fold lower dose of commercial herbicides exhibited a similar effect as the recommended dose. Nanoherbicides could recuperate the conventional herbicide effectiveness by enhancing the stability and reducing the toxicity.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Mesosulfuron methyl nanoparticles caused 100% weed mortality and visual injury at the standard dose.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- chitosan-based nanoparticles of both herbicidese0
- Interactor
- weedst0weed
- Outcome
- mortality and visual injurye0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- recommended dose of standard herbicidee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 100% mortality and visual injury were caused by the chitosan-based nanoparticles of both herbicides at the recommended dose of standard herbicide.”
t0“weeds of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At a fivefold lower dose, weed chlorophyll content reached 5.75%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 5-fold lower dosee0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 5.75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 5-fold lower dose showed the minimum chlorophyll content (5.75%), plant height (2.35 cm), fresh biomass (1.08 g), and dry biomass (0.33 g) of a weed mixture.”
t0“weeds of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At a fivefold lower dose, weed height reached 2.35 cm.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 5-fold lower dosee0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 2.35 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 5-fold lower dose showed the minimum chlorophyll content (5.75%), plant height (2.35 cm), fresh biomass (1.08 g), and dry biomass (0.33 g) of a weed mixture.”
t0“weeds of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At a fivefold lower dose, weed fresh biomass reached 1.08 g.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 5-fold lower dosee0
- Outcome
- fresh biomasse0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 1.08 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 5-fold lower dose showed the minimum chlorophyll content (5.75%), plant height (2.35 cm), fresh biomass (1.08 g), and dry biomass (0.33 g) of a weed mixture.”
t0“weeds of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At a fivefold lower dose, weed dry biomass reached 0.33 g.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 5-fold lower dosee0
- Outcome
- dry biomasse0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 0.33 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 5-fold lower dose showed the minimum chlorophyll content (5.75%), plant height (2.35 cm), fresh biomass (1.08 g), and dry biomass (0.33 g) of a weed mixture.”
t0“weeds of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At tenfold lower dose, nanoparticle herbicides had an effect similar to the commercial recommended dose on these weed traits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- herbicide nanoparticles at 10-fold lower dosee0
- Interactor
- weedst0weed
- Outcome
- same traitse0
- Direction
- similar effecte0
- Comparator
- recommended dosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the same traits, the herbicide nanoparticles at 10-fold lower dose of commercial herbicides exhibited a similar effect as the recommended dose.”
t0“weeds of wheat”
The same questions in other papers
nanoparticle · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
herbicide · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
48 papers more in this group
See all 52 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.