Abstract
Protein carbonylation is an irreversible form of post-translational modification triggered by reactive oxygen species in animal and plant cells. It occurs either through the metal-catalyzed oxidation of Lys, Arg, Pro, and Thr side chains or the addition of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones to the side chains of Cys, Lys, and His. Recent genetic studies concerning plants pointed to an implication of protein carbonylation in gene regulation through phytohormones. However, for protein carbonylation to stand out as a signal transduction mechanism, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, it must be controlled in time and space by a still unknown trigger. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the profile and extent of protein carbonylation are influenced by iron homeostasis in vivo. For this, we compared the profile and the contents of the carbonylated proteins in the Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and mutant-deficient in three ferritin genes under normal and stress conditions. Additionally, we examined the proteins specifically carbonylated in wild-type seedlings exposed to iron-deficient conditions. Our results indicated that proteins were differentially carbonylated between the wild type and the triple ferritin mutant Fer1-3-4 in the leaves, stems, and flowers under normal growth conditions. The profile of the carbonylated proteins was also different between the wild type and the ferritin triple mutant exposed to heat stress, thus pointing to the influence of iron on the carbonylation of proteins. Consistent with this, the exposure of the seedlings to iron deficiency and iron excess greatly influenced the carbonylation of certain proteins involved in intracellular signal transduction, translation, and iron deficiency response. Overall, the study underlined the importance of iron homeostasis in the occurrence of protein carbonylation in vivo.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Wild type and triple ferritin mutant differed in protein carbonylation in leaves, stems and flowers under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Material
- triple ferritin mutant Fer1-3-4e0
- Organ / stage
- leaves, stems, and flowerse0
- Outcome
- proteins were differentially carbonylatede0
- Direction
- differentiallye0
- Qualifier
- normal growth conditionse0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proteins were differentially carbonylated between the wild type and the triple ferritin mutant Fer1-3-4 in the leaves, stems, and flowers under normal growth conditions.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-stressed wild type and ferritin mutant differed in carbonylated-protein profiles.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- ferritin triple mutante0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- profile of the carbonylated proteinse0
- Direction
- differente0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The profile of the carbonylated proteins was also different between the wild type and the ferritin triple mutant exposed to heat stress”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency influenced carbonylation of proteins involved in signaling, translation and iron deficiency response.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- iron deficiencye0
- Outcome
- carbonylation of certain proteins involved in intracellular signal transduction, translation, and iron deficiency responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the exposure of the seedlings to iron deficiency and iron excess greatly influenced the carbonylation of certain proteins involved in intracellular signal transduction, translation, and iron deficiency response.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron excess influenced carbonylation of the same protein groups.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- iron excesse0
- Outcome
- carbonylation of certain proteins involved in intracellular signal transduction, translation, and iron deficiency responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the exposure of the seedlings to iron deficiency and iron excess greatly influenced the carbonylation of certain proteins involved in intracellular signal transduction, translation, and iron deficiency response.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”