Abstract
With global climate change, most parts of the world face more than one natural disaster. Field crops must cope with a combination of two or more stresses. System vulnerability has changed, and quantitative vulnerability analysis is imminent and challenging. Based on the crop water surplus deficit index (CWSDI) and low-temperature index (LTC), this study used the copula method to establish a dynamic assessment model of maize vulnerability under different low temperature and drought concurrent stress intensities, finally showed it in two forms of three-dimensional surface and spatial distribution, which was more vivid and comprehensive. The main conclusions are as follows: the peak number of individual events and concurrent events of low temperature and drought is significantly different, the time trend of the number of concurrent events in each growth period is not the same, and the interannual difference is significant; low-temperature severity and maize yield loss rate, low-temperature severity, and drought severity had significant correlation. Based on this, a 3 C-vine-copula model was established and passed the test. The interaction between the joint probability of concurrent event intensity and the loss rate leads to complex changes in vulnerability. When low temperature and drought are concurrent, the vulnerability analysis cannot be simply superimposed by low temperature and drought intensity. The vulnerability distribution of maize at different growth stages in Songliao Plain shows noticeable regional differences. The central and southern parts of the study area are the most vulnerable areas under low-temperature and drought stress. This study’s results can help managers adjust agricultural resources and adopt more effective irrigation policies under combined stress conditions.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature severity was significantly correlated with maize yield loss rate.
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“low-temperature severity and maize yield loss rate, low-temperature severity, and drought severity had significant correlation”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature severity was significantly correlated with drought severity.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“low-temperature severity and maize yield loss rate, low-temperature severity, and drought severity had significant correlation”
Claim · model-written summary
The peak numbers of individual and concurrent low-temperature and drought events differed significantly.
- Outcome
- peak number of individual events and concurrent eventse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“vulnerability assessment of maize under low temperature and drought concurrent stress in Songliao Plain”
e1“the peak number of individual events and concurrent events of low temperature and drought is significantly different”
Claim · model-written summary
The time trend of concurrent events was not the same in each growth period.
- Organ / stage
- each growth periode6
- Outcome
- time trend of the number of concurrent eventse6
- Qualifier
- is not the samee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“vulnerability assessment of maize under low temperature and drought concurrent stress in Songliao Plain”
e6“the time trend of the number of concurrent events in each growth period is not the same, and the interannual difference is significant”
Claim · model-written summary
The interannual difference in concurrent events was significant.
- Outcome
- interannual differencee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“vulnerability assessment of maize under low temperature and drought concurrent stress in Songliao Plain”
e6“the time trend of the number of concurrent events in each growth period is not the same, and the interannual difference is significant”
Claim · model-written summary
The vulnerability distribution of maize differed noticeably between regions at different growth stages in Songliao Plain.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The vulnerability distribution of maize at different growth stages in Songliao Plain shows noticeable regional differences”
Claim · model-written summary
The central and southern parts of the study area were the most vulnerable to low-temperature and drought stress.
- Treatment
- low-temperature and drought stresse4
- Outcome
- most vulnerable arease4
- Setting
- central and southern parts of the study areae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“vulnerability assessment of maize under low temperature and drought concurrent stress in Songliao Plain”
e4“The central and southern parts of the study area are the most vulnerable areas under low-temperature and drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Vulnerability under concurrent low temperature and drought cannot be obtained by simply superimposing the two stress intensities.
- Outcome
- vulnerability analysise5
- Qualifier
- cannot be simply superimposed by low temperature and drought intensitye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“vulnerability assessment of maize under low temperature and drought concurrent stress in Songliao Plain”
e5“When low temperature and drought are concurrent, the vulnerability analysis cannot be simply superimposed by low temperature and drought intensity”