Abstract
An experiment in growing soybean was conducted at the Czesławice Experimental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, over the period 2018–2020. Three experimental factors were included in this study: cultivation method (conventional and organic), soybean cultivar (Aldana and Merlin), and row spacing (22.5 cm and 35 cm). The species composition, number, and air-dry weight of weeds were evaluated. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) and the Simpson dominance index (SI) were also calculated for the weed community in the soybean crop. Compared to conventional farming, organic cultivation significantly increased the number and dry weight of weeds as well as the numbers of the dominant species Echinochloa crus-galli. A significantly higher number and dry weight of weeds were found in the cv. Aldana crop than in the case of Merlin. In comparison with narrow-row cultivation, sowing soybean at the wider row spacing resulted in a greater number of weeds, in particular of the species Echinochloa crus-galli. Interrow width in the soybean crop did not cause differences in weed dry weight. The experimental factors slightly modified the Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Simpson (SI) indices.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Organic soybean cultivation significantly increased weed number relative to conventional farming.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- organic cultivatione0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventional farminge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to conventional farming, organic cultivation significantly increased the number and dry weight of weeds”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic cultivation significantly increased weed dry weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- organic cultivatione0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry weight of weedse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventional farminge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to conventional farming, organic cultivation significantly increased the number and dry weight of weeds”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic cultivation significantly increased Echinochloa crus-galli numbers.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- organic cultivatione0
- Interactor
- Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-gallie0weed - Outcome
- numbers of the dominant species Echinochloa crus-gallie0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventional farminge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to conventional farming, organic cultivation significantly increased the number and dry weight of weeds as well as the numbers of the dominant species Echinochloa crus-galli.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Aldana soybean had significantly more weeds than Merlin.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Aldanae0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- numbere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Merline0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significantly higher number and dry weight of weeds were found in the cv. Aldana crop than in the case of Merlin.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Aldana soybean had significantly greater weed dry weight than Merlin.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Aldanae0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry weight of weedse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Merline0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significantly higher number and dry weight of weeds were found in the cv. Aldana crop than in the case of Merlin.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider soybean row spacing produced more weeds than narrow rows.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- wider row spacinge0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- number of weedse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- narrow-row cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison with narrow-row cultivation, sowing soybean at the wider row spacing resulted in a greater number of weeds”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider soybean row spacing particularly increased Echinochloa crus-galli numbers.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- wider row spacinge0
- Interactor
- Echinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
- Outcome
- number of weeds, in particular of the species Echinochloa crus-gallie0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- narrow-row cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison with narrow-row cultivation, sowing soybean at the wider row spacing resulted in a greater number of weeds, in particular of the species Echinochloa crus-galli.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean interrow width did not change weed dry weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Interrow widthe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- did not cause differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interrow width in the soybean crop did not cause differences in weed dry weight.”
Claim · model-written summary
Experimental factors only slightly changed Shannon-Wiener and Simpson weed community indices.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- experimental factorse0
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Simpson (SI) indicese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experimental factors slightly modified the Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Simpson (SI) indices.”
t0“soybean”
e1“weed community in the soybean crop”
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