Abstract
Adoption of glyphosate‐resistant crops and the use of glyphosate has resulted in the evolution of glyphosate‐resistant weeds. The objective of the studies reported was to investigate yield and weed management systems of genetically modified (GM) and non‐GM soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] at three Iowa locations during 2007 and 2008. Yield of glyphosate‐resistant, glufosinate‐resistant, and non‐GM cultivars was determined in six site–years. The non‐GM cultivars yielded 315 and 265 kg ha −1 less than the glyphosate‐resistant and glufosinate‐resistant cultivars, respectively, while no differences between GM cultivars were observed. Weed management systems differed for the cultivars but had equivalent weed control (>90%). Weed management systems in the non‐GM cultivars caused more phytotoxicity (36% versus approximately 5% 7 d after application) and, coincidentally, the non‐GM cultivars had the lowest yields. No differences in phytotoxicity were observed among the weed management systems for the GM cultivars. Similarly, no differences in yield were observed comparing the weed management systems for the GM cultivars. The experiment locations did not have high weed population densities although the untreated controls yielded 48% less than the other weed management systems included in the studies. Given concerns for glyphosate‐resistant weeds, the studies demonstrated that acceptable and equivalent options to glyphosate‐resistant soybean exist to manage glyphosate‐resistant weeds in maturity groups 2 and 3 soybean which represent the majority of the U.S. soybean production.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Non-GM cultivars yielded 315 kg ha −1 less than glyphosate-resistant cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Material
- non‐GM cultivarse0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 315 and 265 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- glyphosate‐resistante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The non‐GM cultivars yielded 315 and 265 kg ha −1 less than the glyphosate‐resistant and glufosinate‐resistant cultivars, respectively”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-GM cultivars yielded 265 kg ha −1 less than glufosinate-resistant cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- non‐GM cultivarse0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 265 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- glufosinate‐resistant cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The non‐GM cultivars yielded 315 and 265 kg ha −1 less than the glyphosate‐resistant and glufosinate‐resistant cultivars, respectively”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
The GM cultivar types had no observed yield difference.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- GM cultivarse0
- Outcome
- differencese0
- Direction
- no differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no differences between GM cultivars were observed”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed management systems achieved equivalent weed control exceeding 90%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Weed management systemse0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Value
- >90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed management systems differed for the cultivars but had equivalent weed control (>90%)”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-GM systems caused more phytotoxicity, 36% versus about 5%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Weed management systems in the non‐GM cultivarse0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Qualifier
- approximately 5% 7 d after applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed management systems in the non‐GM cultivars caused more phytotoxicity (36% versus approximately 5% 7 d after application)”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
GM management systems showed no phytotoxicity differences.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- GM cultivarse0
- Treatment
- weed management systemse0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- No differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No differences in phytotoxicity were observed among the weed management systems for the GM cultivars”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
GM management systems showed no yield differences.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- GM cultivarse0
- Treatment
- weed management systemse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no differences in yield were observed comparing the weed management systems for the GM cultivars”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated controls yielded 48% less than other management systems.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- untreated controlse0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 48%e0
- Comparator
- other weed management systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the untreated controls yielded 48% less than the other weed management systems included in the studies”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that equivalent alternatives to glyphosate-resistant soybean exist.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- acceptable and equivalent options to glyphosate‐resistant soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acceptable and equivalent options to glyphosate‐resistant soybean exist to manage glyphosate‐resistant weeds in maturity groups 2 and 3 soybean”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · weed · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →cultivation system · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 35 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
59 papers more in this group
See all 63 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.