Abstract
Diversified crop rotation (DCR) has re-gained attention worldwide as a non-chemical practice for increasing the sustainability of cereal production systems. This study focused on comparing the effects of two weed management strategies, DCR (the six-field system: potato–oat–fiber flax–winter rye–faba bean–winter triticale) without the application of a herbicide (DCR strategy) and with the application of a herbicide (DCR + H strategy) on the yield of winter triticale and on the biomass and species, taxonomic, and functional diversities of weed communities. In addition, the responses of two triticale cultivars, Trapero and Borowik, to the weed management strategies were evaluated. Data from five growing seasons (2017–2021) of a long-term experiment (Bałcyny, northeastern Poland) are presented. The DCR strategy proved less effective in protecting the triticale yield than DCR + H but provided greater weed species, taxonomic and functional diversities. Borowik had a higher yield and responded to herbicide abandonment with a lower yield loss. When the DCR strategy was used, Borowik was more competitive against weeds than Trapero without reducing weed diversity. The triticale yield correlated negatively with weed biomass and diversity, and weed diversity and weed biomass were positively correlated. The findings show that winter triticale can be grown in DCR without the application of a herbicide if a high-yield, competitive cultivar such as Borowik is used. Growing such a cultivar under DCR conditions without the application of a herbicide promotes weed diversity; however, in years with less favorable weather conditions, it may be necessary to accept a moderately lower yield compared to the yield provided with herbicide protection. The relationship between weed diversity and weather conditions is a subject for further research.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation without herbicide protected triticale yield less effectively than rotation with herbicide.
- Taxon
- triticale
×Triticosecalee0 - Treatment
- DCR strategye0
- Interactor
- weedt0weed
- Outcome
- triticale yielde0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- DCR + He0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DCR strategy proved less effective in protecting the triticale yield than DCR + H”
t0“weed”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotation without herbicide provided greater weed species, taxonomic, and functional diversity.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- DCRe1
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed species, taxonomic and functional diversitiese0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but provided greater weed species, taxonomic and functional diversities.”
t0“Triticale”
e1“The DCR strategy proved less effective in protecting the triticale yield than DCR + H”
Claim · model-written summary
Borowik had higher yield than Trapero.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Borowik had a higher yield”
t0“two triticale cultivars, Trapero and Borowik”
Claim · model-written summary
Borowik lost less yield after herbicide abandonment.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Material
- Borowikt0
- Treatment
- herbicide abandonmente0
- Outcome
- yield losse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responded to herbicide abandonment with a lower yield loss”
t0“two triticale cultivars, Trapero and Borowik”
Claim · model-written summary
Under DCR, Borowik competed more strongly with weeds than Trapero without reducing weed diversity.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Material
- Borowike0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- competitive against weedse0
- Direction
- more competitivee0
- Comparator
- Traperoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Borowik was more competitive against weeds than Trapero without reducing weed diversity”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Triticale yield correlated negatively with weed biomass and diversity.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- triticale yielde0
- Direction
- negativelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The triticale yield correlated negatively with weed biomass and diversity”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed diversity correlated positively with weed biomass.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed diversitye0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed diversity and weed biomass were positively correlated”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that a competitive cultivar such as Borowik permits triticale production in DCR without herbicide.
- Taxon
- winter triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Material
- Borowike0
- Outcome
- can be grown in DCR without the application of a herbicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter triticale can be grown in DCR without the application of a herbicide if a high-yield, competitive cultivar such as Borowik is used”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing a competitive cultivar without herbicide promotes weed diversity.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed diversitye0
- Direction
- promotese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growing such a cultivar under DCR conditions without the application of a herbicide promotes weed diversity”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
In less favorable weather, the authors say moderately lower yield may need to be accepted without herbicide.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- accept a moderately lower yielde0
- Qualifier
- less favorable weather conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in years with less favorable weather conditions, it may be necessary to accept a moderately lower yield compared to the yield provided with herbicide protection”
t0“triticale”
The same questions in other papers
rotation · yield · x Triticosecale (triticale)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →herbicide · yield · x Triticosecale (triticale)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.